Gatha | Sentence Translation | Sentence Structure |
Vocabulary&Grammar | Commentary | Pronunciation |
There are no tracks in the sky. There is not a true monk
outside of this teaching.
There are no conditioned things that are eternal. There
is no instability in the Buddhas.
akase
padaj na
atthi samano
na atthi bahire
|
| |
|
| |
| |
N.m. N.n.
neg. V.act.in. N.m. neg.
V.act.in. Adv.
Loc.Sg. Nom.Sg. | 3.Sg.pres.
Nom.Sg. | 3.Sg.pres. |
|
| |______|
| |______|
|
|__________|________|
|
|_________|
|_____|
|______________|
List of Abbreviations
savkhara
sassata na
atthi na atthi buddhanam
ibjitaj
|
| |
| |
|
|
|
N.m. Adj.m.
neg. V.act.in. neg. V.act.in. N.m.
N.n.
Nom.Pl. Nom.Pl. | 3.Sg.pres.
| 3.Sg.pres. Gen.Pl. Nom.Sg.
|
| |______|
|______|
|
|
|
|________|
|
|________|
|_______________|
|_______________|
akase: akasa-, N.m.: air, sky, space. Loc.Sg. = akase.
padaj pada-, N.n.: track, path. Nom.Sg. = padaj.
na, neg.: not.
atthi, V.: is. The verb root is as- (to
be). 3.Sg.act.in.pres. = atthi.
Euphonic combination: na + atthi = natthi.
samano:
samana-, N.m.: a recluse, a wandering
ascetic, a monk (not only a Buddhist monk).
Nom.Sg. = samano.
natthi: see above (na + atthi).
bahire, Adv.: outside. It is the word bahira-, Adj.: external. Loc.Sg. = bahire. Here as an Adv.
List of Abbreviations
savkhara: savkhara-, N.m.: conditioned thing, world of phenomena. The meaning of this word is very wide, here we will use "conditioned thing". It comprises the entire world around us, including ourselves. Nom.Pl. = savkhara.
sassata: sassata-, Adj.: eternal, perpetual. Nom.Pl.m. = sassata.
natthi: see above (na + atthi). We would expect the plural form here (na santi), but in order to maintain the pattern (four times natthi), the singular form is used instead.
buddhanam: buddha-, Adj.: awakened. It is a p.p. of the verb root budh- (to awaken). As an N.m.: Awakened One, Enlightened One, a being who has attained the Nirvana. Gen.Pl. = buddhanaj.
ibjitaj: ibjita-, Adj.: shaken, moved. It is a p.p. of the verb root ibj- (to shake). As an N.n.: shaking, movement, vacillation. Nom.Sg. = ibjitaj.
List of Abbreviations
This verse consists of four sentences.
They are:
1) akase
padaj natthi (there are no tracks in the
sky). The subject is the noun padaj
(track, nominative singular). The verb is atthi (is, 3rd
person, singular, active, indicative, present tense). It is negated by
the negative particle na (not). The verb has an attribute, the noun
akase
(in the sky, locative singular).
2) samano
natthi bahire (there is not a true monk
outside [of this teaching]). The subject is the noun samano
(monk, nominative singular). The verb is atthi (is, 3rd
person, singular, active, indicative, present tense). It is negated by
the negative particle na (not). The verb has an attribute, the adverb
bahire (outside).
3) savkhara
sassata natthi (there are no conditioned
things that are eternal). The subject is the noun savkhara
(conditioned things, nominative plural). The verb is atthi (is,
3rd person, singular, active, indicative, present tense). It
is negated by the negative particle na (not). The object is the
adjective sassata (eternal, nominative
plural).
4) natthi buddhanam
ibjitaj (there
is no instability in the Buddhas). The subject is the adjective/noun ibjitaj
(shaking, instability; nominative singular). It has an attribute, the noun
buddhanam (of the Buddhas, genitive
plural). The verb is atthi (is, 3rd person, singular,
active, indicative, present tense). It is negated by the negative particle
na (not).
The story for this verse is identical
with the one for the previous verse (DhP 254).
The Buddhas, Awakened Ones have no
"shaking". The meaning of this is that there is no instability, no wavering
or unsteadiness of their minds. They have reached the highest Awakenment
and their minds are truly firm and steady.
Word pronunciation:
akase
padaj
na
atthi
samano
bahire
savkhara
sassata
buddhanam
ibjitaj