| Gatha | Sentence Translation | Sentence Structure |
| Vocabulary&Grammar | Commentary | Pronunciation |
They are ashamed of what is not shameful. They are not
ashamed of what is shameful.
Believing in wrong theories, the beings go to a miserable
existence.
alajjitaye lajjanti
lajjitaye na
lajjare
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Adj.m. V.act.in. Adj.m. neg.
V.med.in.
Loc.Sg. 3.Pl.pres. Loc.Sg. |
3.Pl.pres.
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|_________|
List of Abbreviations
miccha+ditthi+samadana
satta gacchanti duggatij
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Adv. N.f.
Adj.m. N.m. V.act.in.
N.f.
|________|
Nom.Pl. Nom.Pl. 3.Pl.pres. Acc.Sg.
|____________|
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alajjitaye: alajjitaya-, Adj: what one should not be ashamed of, what is not shameful. It is the word lajjitaya-, Adj. (what one should be ashamed of, what is shameful; it is a grd. of the verb root lajj-, see below) negated by the negative prefix a-. Loc.Sg.m. = alajjitaye.
lajjanti, V.: are ashamed, are abashed. The verb root is lajj-. 3.Pl.act.in.pres. = lajjanti.
lajjitaye: lajjitaya-, Adj.: what one should be ashamed of, what is shameful. See above under alajjitaya-. Loc.Sg.m. = lajjitaye.
na, neg.: not.
lajjare, V.: are ashamed, are abashed. The verb root is lajj-. 3.Pl.med.in.pres. = lajjare.
List of Abbreviations
micchaditthisamadana:
micchaditthisamadana-,
Adj.: believing in a wrong theory. It is a compound of:
miccha,
Adv.: wrongly, badly.
ditthi-,
N.f.: view, belief, theory, idea. It is derived from the verb root dis-
(to see).
samadana-,
N.m.: undertaking, taking upon oneself. The verb root is da-
(to give) with the prefixes sam- (completely) and a-
(towards).
Nom.Pl.m. = micchaditthisamadana.
satta: satta-, N.m.: being. Nom.Pl. = satta.
gacchanti, V.: goes. The verb root is gam-. 3.Pl.in.act.pres. = gacchanti.
duggatij: duggati-,
N.f.: a miserable existence, a realm of misery, undesirable rebirth. Composed
of:
du-, pref.: bad, difficult.
gati-, N.f.: existence, rebirth.
Derived from the verb gam- (to go).
Acc.Sg. = duggatij.
List of Abbreviations
This verse consists of three syntactically
separate sentences. They are:
1) alajjitaye
lajjanti (they are ashamed of what is not shameful). The subject is
omitted; the verb implies the third person singular pronoun. The verb is
lajjanti (are ashamed, 3rd person, plural, active, indicative,
present tense). The object is the gerund alajjitaye
(of what is not shameful, locative singular).
2) lajjitaye
na lajjare (they are not ashamed of what is shameful). The subject
is omitted; the verb implies the third person singular pronoun. The verb
is lajjare (are ashamed, 3rd person, plural, medium,
indicative, present tense). It is negated by the negative particle na
(not). The object is the gerund lajjitaye
(of what is shameful, locative singular).
3) micchaditthisamadana
satta gacchanti duggatij
(believing in wrong theories, the beings go to a miserable existence).
The subject is the noun satta (beings,
nominative plural). It has an attribute, the adjective compound micchaditthisamadana
(believing in wrong theories, nominative plural). The verb is gacchanti
(go, 3rd person, plural, active, indicative, present tense).
The object is the noun duggatij (to
a miserable existence, accusative singular).
A group of monks once saw some naked
ascetics on their almsround. They were naked but they had their bowls covered
with a piece of cloth. The monks remarked that perhaps they should put
the cloth on the front part of the body. The naked ascetics retorted that
they cover their bowls because they do not want insect and miniature life-form
to enter the bowl and be killed by them later.
The monks returned to the monastery
and told the story to the Buddha. The Buddha reacted with this verse (and
the following one, DhP 317), saying that one who is ashamed of what is
not shameful, but not ashamed of a shameful thing, surely will undergo
a bad rebirth.
Word pronunciation:
alajjitaye
lajjanti
lajjitaye
na
lajjare
micchaditthisamadana
miccha
ditthi
samadana
satta
gacchanti
duggatij