| Gatha | Sentence Translation | Sentence Structure |
| Vocabulary&Grammar | Commentary | Pronunciation |
Who in this world is conquered by this miserable thirst
and craving,
his sorrows grow, like grass after rains.
yaj
esa
sahate jammi
tanha
loke visattika
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Rel.Pron.m. Pron.f. V.med.in.
Adj.f. N.f.
N.m. N.f.
Acc.Sg. Nom.Sg. 3.Sg.pres.
Nom.Sg. Nom.Sg. Loc.Sg. Nom.Sg.
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List of Abbreviations
soka
tassa pavaddhanti abhivatthaj
va biranaj
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N.m. Pron.m. V.act.in.
Adj.n. part. N.n.
Nom.Pl. Gen.Sg. 3.Pl.pres. Nom.Sg.
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yaj: yat-, Rel.Pron.: that, which. Acc.Sg.m. = yaj.
esa, Pron.: etad-, this. Nom.Sg.f = esa.
sahate, V.: overcomes, conquers, defeats. The verb
root is sah- (to conquer).
3.Sg.med.in.pres. = sahate.
jammi: jamma-, Adj.: miserable, wretched, contemptible. Nom.Sg.f. = jammi.
tanha: tanha-, N.f.: thirst, craving. Nom.Sg. = tanha.
loke: loka-, N.m.: world. Loc.Sg. = loke.
List of Abbreviations
visattika: visattika-, N.f.: craving, lust, desire. It is a synonym of tanha. Nom.Sg. = visattika.
soka: soka-, N.m.: grief, sorrow. Nom.Pl. = soka.
tassa: tad-, Pron.: that. Gen.Sg.m. = tassa.
pavaddhanti,
V.: grow. The verb root is vaddh-,
with the strengthening prefix pa-.
3.Pl.act.in.pres. = pavaddhanti.
abhivatthaj: abhivattha-, Adj.: rained upon, watered. It is a p.p. of the verb root vas- (to rain) with the prefix abhi- (over). Nom.Sg.n. = abhivatthaj.
va, part.: as, like.
biranaj: birana-, N.n.: Birana grass, a kind of fragrant grass. Nom.Sg. = biranaj.
List of Abbreviations
This verse consists of two syntactically
related sentences. They are:
1) yaj
esa sahate jammi
tanha loke visattika
(who in this world is conquered by this miserable thirst). There are two
subjects in this sentence, the nouns tanha
(thirst, nominative singular) and visattika
(craving, nominative singular). They have two attributes, the adjective
jammi (miserable, nominative singular)
and the pronoun esa (this, nominative
singular). The verb is sahate (conquers, 3rd person,
singular, medium, indicative, present tense). It has an attribute, the
noun loke (in this world, locative singular). The object is the
relative pronoun yaj (whom, accusative
singular).
2) soka
tassa pavaddhanti abhivatthaj
va biranaj
(his sorrows grow, like grass after rains). This can be further analysed
into the main sentence a) and the dependent clause b):
a) soka
tassa pavaddhanti (his sorrows grow).
The subject is the noun soka (sorrows,
nominative plural). It has an attribute, the pronoun tassa (his,
genitive singular). The verb is pavaddhanti
(grow, 3rd person, plural, active, indicative, present tense).
b) abhivatthaj
va biranaj
(like grass after rains). The subject is the noun biranaj
(Birana grass, nominative singular). It has an attribute, the past
participle abhivatthaj
(rained upon, nominative singular). The particle va (like) connects
the clause to the main sentence.
The story for this verse is identical
with the one for the previous verse (DhP 334) and the two following verses
(DhP 336 and DhP 337).
Thirst and craving are one of the
main roots of evil, origins of suffering. The more we are in power of craving,
the more suffering and sorrow will befall us. To cut off the craving in
our minds is to destroy all sorrow and suffering.
Word pronunciation:
yaj
esa
sahate
jammi
tanha
loke
visattika
soka
tassa
pavaddhanti
abhivatthaj
va
biranaj