發 音 練 習

 

 

□ 字 母

 

母音 (8) A A I I U U E O

 

子音 (33)                           K      Kh     G       Gh     V

                                                    C       Ch     J        Jh      B

                                                    T      Th     D     Dh     N

                                                    T       Th      D       Dh     N

                                                    P       Ph      B       Bh     M

Y R L V S H L M

 

子音搭配母音

 

                                 Ka      Ka    Ki       Ki     Ku     Ku    Ke      Ko

                                 Kha    Kha   Khi      Khi    Khu   Khu   Khe     Kho

                                 Ga      Ga     Gi       Gi     Gu     Gu     Ge      Go

                                 Gha    Gha   Ghi     Ghi    Ghu   Ghu   Ghe    Gho

                                 Va      Va     Vi       Vi      Vu      Vu     Ve      Vo

---------------------

                                 Ca      Ca     Ci       Ci     Cu     Cu     Ce      Co

                                 Cha    Cha   Chi     Chi    Chu   Chu   Che    Cho

                                 Ja       Ja      Ji        Ji      Ju      Ju      Je       Jo

                                 Jha      Jha    Jhi      Jhi     Jhu    Jhu    Jhe      Jho

                          Ba      Ba    Bi       Bi     Bu     Bu    Be      Bo

---------------------

(其餘類似)

 

□ 唱 誦

 

Buddham saranam gacchami        我歸依佛

Dhammam saranam gacchami      我歸依法

Savgham saranam gacchami         我歸依僧

 

Komala-ramma yam pali-bhasa                 柔軟、優美的巴利語

Bhagava dhammam desita-vaca                 是世尊說法的語言

Piti-mudaram denti jananam  它為人們帶來歡悅、喜樂

Passatha etam sundara-bhasa 看哪諸位這美麗的語言

 

□ 單 詞

 

a                 aggi                   

                        attha                     義、利

                        atta                       自我 (attan)

                        anicca                   無常的

                        abhidhamma         阿毘達磨、論

 

a                 Ananda              阿難

                        acariya                 阿闍梨、師

                        agama                  阿含、傳承、聖教

                        arama                   園林

                        abhijanati              證知

                        abhijjha             貪欲

 

i                iti                          如是

                        isi                         仙人、聖者

                        iddhi                     神足、神變

                        indriya                  根、感覺官能

 

i                  iti                       惱、疾

                        isa                        主人

                        tira                      

                        devi                 天女、皇后

 

u                 uttara                  更上、北

                        uddana                 嗢陀南、攝頌

                        uddhacca              掉舉

                        uddhumata            膨脹的

 

u                 una                     不足、少、減

                        kuta                      屋頂、樓閣、山頂

                        dura                     遠的

                        dhuma                 

                        mula                     根、根本

 

e                 eka                    

                        eti                        

                        upeti                     近、趣

                        thera                     長者、上座

                        beluva                   木瓜

                        pubbe                  

o                 oloketi                眺望

                        orima                    此岸

                        nirodha                

                        loka                      世間

 

---------------------------------------------------------------

 

k               kamma                          

                        kaka                              烏鴉

                        kiccha                      困難的

                        kukkucca                       惡作、悔

                        kesa                               毛髮

                        Kosala                           憍薩羅

 

kh               khanti                          

                        khina                             盡、滅

                        khuddaka-nikaya  小部

                        khema                            安穩 = 涅槃

                        khoma                           

 

g               Gavga                      恆河

                        gilana                             病人

                        guna                               功德

                        geyya                             祇夜、應頌

                        Gotama                          喬達摩

 

gh               ghana                          

                        ghuru-ghuru                    打鼾聲

                        Buddha-ghosa                佛音

 

v               savgha                           僧伽

                        savkhara                        行、為作

                        avguttara-nikaya            增支部

                        pivgiya                           赤褐色的、黃色的

 

---------------------------------------------------------------

 

c               cakkhu                

                        citta                     

                        culla-vamsa          小史

                        cetasika                心所

                        cora                     

 

ch               chanda                志欲

                        chadeti                

                        chijjati                   切、斷

                        chupati                 

                        chedeti                  令斷

 

j                janati                   

                        jivha                

                        jiva                      

                        juti                        光、光輝

                        jetavana                衹陀林

                        jotati                     發光

 

jh                jhana                  禪思

                        jhiyayati                禪思 ( = jhayati)

 

b               bana                     智慧

                        vedabbu            通達吠陀者

                        beyya                   所知

 

---------------------------------------------------------------

 

t                ghata                    水瓶

                        tika                  複注

                        kotumbara            一種布

                        kotteti                   打、搗

                        khatopika         

 

th                thana                  處、情況

                        thita                      住立

                        dutthulla                粗惡的

                        guntheti                 覆、蔽

 

d               damsa                 

                        chaddita                捨、除

                        kandu                   疥癬

                        deti                      

                        kandolika         

 

dh               addha                

                        vaddhita                增長

 

n               guna                     功德

                        unni                 毛衣

                        anu                       微少的

                        eneyya                  羚羊

 

---------------------------------------------------------------

 

t                tanha                渴愛

                        titthati                  

                        Tusita                   兜率天

                        tejo                      

                        tosana                   滿足、喜悅

                        tvam                

 

th                thaneti                 雷鳴

                        thina                     惛沈

                        thupa                   

                        thera                     長者、上座

                        thometi                 讚賞

 

d               dadati                   施與

                        danda                   杖、棒

                        ditthi                     見解

                        digha                    長的

                        dukkha                

                        deva                     天、王

                        domanassa            憂惱

                        dvara                   

 

dh               dhamma             

                        dhiti                      堅實

                        dhuta                    頭陀

                        dhenu                   牡牛

                        dhovati                 洗淨

 

n               nagara                  城市

                        Nigantha               尼乾陀、離繫

                        nudati                   排除

                        nekkhamma          出離

                        nonita                   熟酥

                        nhana                   沐浴 ( = nahana)

 

---------------------------------------------------------------

 

p               paccaya               

                        pinda                    團食

                        puggala                

                        pesuna                  離間語

                        potthaka               書、經卷

 

ph               phala                 

                        phita                     繁榮的

                        phusati                 

                        pheggu                  樹皮

                        phoseti                  撒、注

 

b               bandhati                結、縛

                        Bimbisara             頻毘娑羅、摩揭陀王

                        buddha                 佛陀

                        beluva                   木瓜

                        bodhi                    菩提

                        byapajjha             瞋心、害心

                        brahma             梵天

 

bh               bhagavant           薄伽梵、世尊

                        bhikkhu                比丘

                        bhubjati                食、受用

                        bheda                   破壞

                        bhojana                食物

 

m              magga                  

                        mara                     惡魔

                        miga                     鹿、獸

                        mubcati                 解脫

                        metta               

                        Moggallana           目犍連

                        jambu-dipa           閻浮提

 

---------------------------------------------------------------

 

y                 yabba                 祭祀、獻供

                        yittha                    供祭 pp.

                        Yuddha                戰爭

                        yebhuyya             

                        yoga                     瑜伽、修行

                        vuyhati                  被運走

 

r                  raja                    國王 (rajan)

                        ribcati                   捨、除

                        rukkha                  樹木

                        rupa                    

                        renu                      花粉

                        ropeti                    種植

 

l                  labhati                

                        likhati                    寫、刻

                        lujjati                    破壞

                        lekha                    書、刻文

                        loka                      世間

 

v                 vajira                  金剛石

                        vijja                 明、智

                        vuccati                  被說

                        vedana              覺受

                        voloketi                觀察

                        vyakaroti              記答

 

---------------------------------------------------------------

 

s                 sakkaya              薩迦耶、己身

                        sila                      

                        sukha                   

                        senasana               臥坐所

                        sotapanna             須陀洹、預流者

                        svagata                 善來、歡迎

 

h                 hadaya                心、心臟

                        hita                       利益

                        huram               他世

                        hetu                      原因

                        homa                    護摩、獻供

                        brahmana             婆羅門

 

l                  kilati                   遊戲

                        nalikera                          椰子

                        pileti                              壓迫、惱害

                        dalha                              堅固的

 

m                samyutta-nikaya           相應部

                        simsapa                    申恕(樹名)

                        khumseti                        怒叱

                        tam                          那個

                        kim                          什麼

 

 

 

□ 句 子

 

 

(1) 皈敬偈 (總禮文)

 

Namo tassa bhagavato arahato sammasambuddhassa

(歸敬 世尊 阿羅漢 正遍覺者 )

 

 

(2) 三歸依文

 

Buddham saranam gacchami        我歸依佛

Dhammam saranam gacchami       我歸依法

Savgham sara