Eko dhammo 一法 (one thing)

【eka-dhammo】 一法 (one thing)

⊙ sappurisa-samsevo 親近善士 (associating with good persons)

⊙ sabbe satta ahara-tthitika 一切有情皆依食住 (all beings are maintained

by nutriment)

Dve dhamma 二法 (two things)

【dve dhamma】 二法 (two things)

⊙ namam 名 (name)

rupam 色 (form)

⊙ avijja 無明 (ignorance)

bhava-tanha 有愛 (craving for existence)

⊙ bhava-ditthi 有見 (f. the view of existence)

vibhava-ditthi 無見 (the view of non-existence)

⊙ hiri 慚 (f. moral shame)

ottappam 愧 (moral dread, to be afraid of evil)

⊙ sovacassata 柔順 (suavity, gentleness) (言談的)

kalyana-mittata 友善 (friendship) (舉止的)

⊙ sati (正)念 (mindfulness)

sampajabbam 正知 (clarity of consciousness; clear comprehension)

⊙ samatho 止 (tranquillity)

vipassana 觀 (insight)

⊙ sila-visuddhi 戒清淨 (the purification of morality)

ditthi-visuddhi 見清淨 (the purification of view)

Tayo dhamma 三法 (three things)

【tayo addha】 三時 (three times)

‧atito addha 過去時 (past time)

‧anagato addha 未來時 (future time)

‧paccuppanno addha 現在時 (present time)

【tayo asava】 三漏 (lit. “influxes”, cankers)

‧kamasavo 欲漏 (the canker of sense-desire)

‧bhavasavo 有漏 (the canker of (desiring eternal) existence)
‧avijjasavo 無明漏 (the canker of ignorance)

【tayo kusala-savkappa】 三善思 (three kinds of wholesome thought)

‧nekkhamma-savkappo 出離思 (the thought of renunciation)

‧avyapada-savkappo 無恚思 (the thought of non-ill-will)

‧avihimsa-savkappo 無害思 (the thought of harmlessness)

【tini kammani】 三業 (three actions)

‧kaya-kammam 身業 (action by body)

‧vaci-kammam 語業 (action by speech)

‧mano-kammam 意業 (action by mind)

【tini akusala-mulani】 三不善根 (three unwholesome roots)

‧lobho 貪 (greed)

‧doso 瞋 (hatred,anger)

‧moho 癡 (delusion)

【tini kusala-mulani】 三善根 (three wholesome roots)

‧alobho 無貪 (greedlessness)

‧adoso 無瞋 (hatelessness)

‧amoho 無癡 (non-delusion)

【tini cakkhuni】 三眼 (three kinds of eyes)

‧mamsa-cakkhu 肉眼 (the physical eye)

‧dibba-cakkhu 天眼 (the divine eye)

‧pabba-cakkhu 慧眼 (the eye of wisdom)

【tini samyojanani】 三結 (three fetters)

‧sakkaya-ditthi 身見 (personality-belief)

‧vicikiccha 疑 (sceptical doubt)

‧silabbata-paramaso 戒禁取 (clinging to mere rules and ritual)

【tisso dhatuyo】 三界 (three world-elements)

‧kama-dhatu 欲界 (f. sensuous world)

‧rupa-dhatu 色界 (fine-material world)

‧arupa-dhatu 無色界 (immaterial world)

【tisso vedana】 三受 (three sensations or feelings)

‧sukha-vedana 樂受 (agreeable feeling)

‧dukkha-vedana 苦受 (disagreeable feeling)

‧adukkha-m-asukha vedana 不苦不樂受 (indifferent or neutral feeling)

(= upekkha vedana 捨受)

【tisso dukkhata】 三苦性 (three kinds of suffering)

‧dukkha-dukkhata 苦苦性 (the suffering as pain)

‧savkhara-dukkhata 行苦性 (the suffering inherent in the formations)

‧viparinama-dukkhata 壞苦性 (the suffering as due to change)

【tisso tanha】 三愛 (lit. “thirst”, three kinds of cravings)

‧kama-tanha 欲愛 (sensual craving)

‧bhava-tanha 有愛 (craving for existence)

‧vibhava-tanha 無有愛 (craving for non-existence)

【apara pi tisso tanha】 另有三愛 (three more kinds of cravings)

‧kama-tanha 欲愛 (craving for sensual existence)

‧rupa-tanha 色愛 (craving for fine-material existence)

‧arupa-tanha 無色愛 (craving for immaterial existence)

【tisso vidha】 三慢 (three forms of conceit or pride, = tayo mana)

‧ “seyyo ’ham asmkti ” vidha 「我勝」慢 (the conceit of “I am better than …”)

‧ “sadiso ’ham asmkti ” vidha 「我等」慢 (the conceit of “I am equal to …”)

‧ “hino ’ham asmkti ” vidha 「我劣」慢 (the conceit of “I am worse than…”)

【tisso sikkha】 三學 (three kinds of training)

‧adhisila-sikkha 增上戒學 (training in higher morality)

‧adhicitta-sikkha 增上心學 (training in higher mentality)

‧adhipabba-sikkha 增上慧學 (training in higher wisdom)

【tisso vijja】 三明 (three supernormal knowledges)

‧pubbe-nivasqnussati-banam vijja 宿命智證明 (the supernormal knowledge

of remembering one’s former existences)

‧sattanam cutgpapate banam vijja 生死智證明 (the supernormal knowledge

of knowing the decease and rebirth of beings)

(= dibba-cakkhu 天眼，divine eye)

‧asavanam khaye banam vijja 漏盡智證明 (the supernormal knowledge

of realizing the extinction of all cankers)

Cattaro dhamma 四法 (four things)

【cattaro ahara】 四食 (four nutriments)

‧kabalivkaro aharo, olariko va sukhumo va 段食(摶食)，或粗或細

(material food, gross or subtle)

‧phasso dutiyo 第二，觸(食) ((sensory or mental) contact as second)

‧mano-sabcetana tatiya 第三，意思(食) (mental volition as third)

‧vibbanam catuttham 第四，識(食) (consciousness as fourth)

【cattaro samgaha-vatthani】 四攝事 (four ways of showing favour or four

bases of sympathy)

‧danam 布施 (generosity)

‧peyyavajjam 愛語 (pleasing speach)

‧attha-cariya 利行 (beneficial conduct)

‧samanattata 同事 (imparciality)

【cattari upadanani】 四取 (four kinds of clinging)

‧kamgpadanam 欲取 (sensuous clinging)

‧ditthgpadanam 見取 (clinging to views)

‧silabbatgpadanam 戒禁取 (clinging to mere rules and ritual)

‧attavadgpadanam 我語取 (clinging to the personality-belief)

【cattaro ogha】 四流 (four floods ) (= cattaro asava 四漏 four cankers)

‧kamogho 欲流 (flood of sense-desire) (= kamasavo 欲漏)

‧bhavogho 有流 (flood of (desiring eternal) existence) (= bhavasavo有漏)

‧ditthogho 見流 (flood of (wrong) views) (= ditthasavo 見漏)

‧avijjogho 無明流 (flood of ignorance) (= avijjasavo 無明漏)

【cattaro anariya-vohara】 四非聖語 (four ignoble modes of speech)

‧musa-vado 妄語 (lying)

‧pisuna-vaca 兩舌 (slandering, mischief-making, alienation)

‧pharusa-vaca 惡口 (rude speech)

‧samphappalapo 綺語 (foolish babble)

【apare pi cattaro anariya-vohara】 另有四非聖語 (four more un-Ariyan

modes of speech)

‧aditthe dittha-vadita 不見言見 (claiming to have seen what one has not seen)

‧assute suta-vadita 不聞言聞 (claiming to have heard what one has not heard)

‧amute muta-vadita 不覺言覺 (claiming to have sensed what one has not sensed)

‧avibbate vibbata-vadita 不知言知 (claiming to have known what one has not known)

【cattari ariya-saccani】 四聖諦 (for noble truths)

‧dukkham 苦 (suffering)

‧dukkha-samudayo 苦之集 (origin of suffering)

‧dukkha-nirodho 苦之滅 (cessation of suffering) cessation of suffering)

‧dukkha-nirodha-gamini patipada 趣向苦滅之道 (the way leading to the G

【cattari padhanani】 四勤 (four efforts)

‧samvara-padhanam 律儀勤 (the effort to avoid (unwholesome states))

‧pahana-padhanam 斷勤 (the effort to overcome (unwholesome states))

‧bhavana-padhanam 修勤 (the effort to develop (wholesome states))

‧anurakkhana-padhanam 隨護勤 (the effort to maintain (wholesome states))

【cattari sotapattiyavgani】 四預流支 (four (preliminary) conditions to Stream-entry)

‧sappurisa-samsevo 親近善士 (companionship with good persons)

‧saddhamma-savanam 聽聞正法 (hearing the Good Law)

‧yoniso-manasikaro 內正思維 (wise reflection)

‧dhammqnudhamma-patipatti 法次法向 (living in conformity with the Law)

【cattari sotapannassa avgani】 四預流果支 / 四不壞淨 (four characteristic

qualities of a Stream-winner)

‧buddhe avecca-ppasadena samannagato hoti 於佛不壞淨成就 (endowed with

the unshakable faith towards the Enlightened One)

‧dhamme avecca-ppasadena samannagato hoti 於法不壞淨成就 (endowed with

the unshakable faith towards the Doctrine)

‧savghe avecca-ppasadena samannagato hoti 於僧不壞淨成就 (endowed with

the unshakable faith towards the Order)

‧ariya-kantehi silehi samannagato hoti 聖 [所愛] 戒成就 (endowed with the

perfect morality or the morality dear to the Noble Ones)

【cattari samabba-phalani】 四沙門果 (four fruits of monkhood)

‧sotapatti-phalam 須陀洹果 (the fruit of Stream-entrance)

‧sakadagami-phalam 斯陀含果 (the fruit of Once-return)

‧anagami-phalam 阿那含果 (the fruit of Non-return)

‧arahatta-phalam 阿羅漢果 (the fruit of Perfect Holiness)

【catasso dhatuyo】 四界 (four physical elements)

‧pathavi-dhatu 地界 (earth or solid-element)

‧apo-dhatu 水界 (water or fluidity-element)

‧tejo-dhatu 火界 (fire or heat-element)

‧vayo-dhatu 風界 (wind or motion-element)

= cattaro maha-bhuta 四大種 (four primary elements)

【catasso yoniyo】 四生 (four modes of generation) cf. M.12

‧andaja-yoni 卵生 (generation from the egg)

‧jalabuja-yoni 胎生 (generation from the mother’s womb)

‧samsedaja-yoni 濕生 (generation from moisture)

‧opapatika-yoni 化生 (spontaneous rebirth (in heaven, hell, etc.))

【catasso appamabbayo】 四無量(心) (four boundless states (of mind))

‧metta 慈 (loving-kindness)

‧karuna 悲 (compassion)

‧mudita 喜 (appreciative joy)

‧upekkha 捨 (equanimity) (not apathy or indifference)

(= cattaro brahma-vihara 四梵住，four sublime or divine abodes)

【cattaro satipatthana】 四念處 / 四念住 (four foundations of mindfulness)