Eko dhammo 一法 (one thing)

【eka-dhammo】 一法 (one thing)

⊙ sappurisa-samsevo 親近善士 (associating with good persons)

⊙ sabbe satta ahara-tthitika 一切有情皆依食住 (all beings are maintained

by nutriment)

Dve dhamma 二法 (two things)

【dve dhamma】 二法 (two things)

⊙ namam 名 (name)

rupam 色 (form)

⊙ avijja 無明 (ignorance)

bhava-tanha 有愛 (craving for existence)

⊙ bhava-ditthi 有見 (f. the view of existence)

vibhava-ditthi 無見 (the view of non-existence)

⊙ hiri 慚 (f. moral shame)

ottappam 愧 (moral dread, to be afraid of evil)

⊙ sovacassata 柔順 (suavity, gentleness) (言談的)

kalyana-mittata 友善 (friendship) (舉止的)

⊙ sati (正)念 (mindfulness)

sampajabbam 正知 (clarity of consciousness; clear comprehension)

⊙ samatho 止 (tranquillity)

vipassana 觀 (insight)

⊙ sila-visuddhi 戒清淨 (the purification of morality)

ditthi-visuddhi 見清淨 (the purification of view)

Tayo dhamma 三法 (three things)

【tayo addha】 三時 (three times)

‧atito addha 過去時 (past time)

‧anagato addha 未來時 (future time)

‧paccuppanno addha 現在時 (present time)

【tayo asava】 三漏 (lit. “influxes”, cankers)

‧kamasavo 欲漏 (the canker of sense-desire)

‧bhavasavo 有漏 (the canker of (desiring eternal) existence)
‧avijjasavo 無明漏 (the canker of ignorance)

【tayo kusala-savkappa】 三善思 (three kinds of wholesome thought)

‧nekkhamma-savkappo 出離思 (the thought of renunciation)

‧avyapada-savkappo 無恚思 (the thought of non-ill-will)

‧avihimsa-savkappo 無害思 (the thought of harmlessness)

【tini kammani】 三業 (three actions)

‧kaya-kammam 身業 (action by body)

‧vaci-kammam 語業 (action by speech)

‧mano-kammam 意業 (action by mind)

【tini akusala-mulani】 三不善根 (three unwholesome roots)

‧lobho 貪 (greed)

‧doso 瞋 (hatred,anger)

‧moho 癡 (delusion)

【tini kusala-mulani】 三善根 (three wholesome roots)

‧alobho 無貪 (greedlessness)

‧adoso 無瞋 (hatelessness)

‧amoho 無癡 (non-delusion)

【tini cakkhuni】 三眼 (three kinds of eyes)

‧mamsa-cakkhu 肉眼 (the physical eye)

‧dibba-cakkhu 天眼 (the divine eye)

‧pabba-cakkhu 慧眼 (the eye of wisdom)

【tini samyojanani】 三結 (three fetters)

‧sakkaya-ditthi 身見 (personality-belief)

‧vicikiccha 疑 (sceptical doubt)

‧silabbata-paramaso 戒禁取 (clinging to mere rules and ritual)

【tisso dhatuyo】 三界 (three world-elements)

‧kama-dhatu 欲界 (f. sensuous world)

‧rupa-dhatu 色界 (fine-material world)

‧arupa-dhatu 無色界 (immaterial world)

【tisso vedana】 三受 (three sensations or feelings)

‧sukha-vedana 樂受 (agreeable feeling)

‧dukkha-vedana 苦受 (disagreeable feeling)

‧adukkha-m-asukha vedana 不苦不樂受 (indifferent or neutral feeling)

(= upekkha vedana 捨受)

【tisso dukkhata】 三苦性 (three kinds of suffering)

‧dukkha-dukkhata 苦苦性 (the suffering as pain)

‧savkhara-dukkhata 行苦性 (the suffering inherent in the formations)

‧viparinama-dukkhata 壞苦性 (the suffering as due to change)

【tisso tanha】 三愛 (lit. “thirst”, three kinds of cravings)

‧kama-tanha 欲愛 (sensual craving)

‧bhava-tanha 有愛 (craving for existence)

‧vibhava-tanha 無有愛 (craving for non-existence)

【apara pi tisso tanha】 另有三愛 (three more kinds of cravings)

‧kama-tanha 欲愛 (craving for sensual existence)

‧rupa-tanha 色愛 (craving for fine-material existence)

‧arupa-tanha 無色愛 (craving for immaterial existence)

【tisso vidha】 三慢 (three forms of conceit or pride, = tayo mana)

‧ “seyyo ’ham asmkti ” vidha 「我勝」慢 (the conceit of “I am better than …”)

‧ “sadiso ’ham asmkti ” vidha 「我等」慢 (the conceit of “I am equal to …”)

‧ “hino ’ham asmkti ” vidha 「我劣」慢 (the conceit of “I am worse than…”)

【tisso sikkha】 三學 (three kinds of training)

‧adhisila-sikkha 增上戒學 (training in higher morality)

‧adhicitta-sikkha 增上心學 (training in higher mentality)

‧adhipabba-sikkha 增上慧學 (training in higher wisdom)

【tisso vijja】 三明 (three supernormal knowledges)

‧pubbe-nivasqnussati-banam vijja 宿命智證明 (the supernormal knowledge

of remembering one’s former existences)

‧sattanam cutgpapate banam vijja 生死智證明 (the supernormal knowledge

of knowing the decease and rebirth of beings)

(= dibba-cakkhu 天眼，divine eye)

‧asavanam khaye banam vijja 漏盡智證明 (the supernormal knowledge

of realizing the extinction of all cankers)

Cattaro dhamma 四法 (four things)

【cattaro ahara】 四食 (four nutriments)

‧kabalivkaro aharo, olariko va sukhumo va 段食(摶食)，或粗或細

(material food, gross or subtle)

‧phasso dutiyo 第二，觸(食) ((sensory or mental) contact as second)

‧mano-sabcetana tatiya 第三，意思(食) (mental volition as third)

‧vibbanam catuttham 第四，識(食) (consciousness as fourth)

【cattaro samgaha-vatthani】 四攝事 (four ways of showing favour or four

bases of sympathy)

‧danam 布施 (generosity)

‧peyyavajjam 愛語 (pleasing speach)

‧attha-cariya 利行 (beneficial conduct)

‧samanattata 同事 (imparciality)

【cattari upadanani】 四取 (four kinds of clinging)

‧kamgpadanam 欲取 (sensuous clinging)

‧ditthgpadanam 見取 (clinging to views)

‧silabbatgpadanam 戒禁取 (clinging to mere rules and ritual)

‧attavadgpadanam 我語取 (clinging to the personality-belief)

【cattaro ogha】 四流 (four floods ) (= cattaro asava 四漏 four cankers)

‧kamogho 欲流 (flood of sense-desire) (= kamasavo 欲漏)

‧bhavogho 有流 (flood of (desiring eternal) existence) (= bhavasavo有漏)

‧ditthogho 見流 (flood of (wrong) views) (= ditthasavo 見漏)

‧avijjogho 無明流 (flood of ignorance) (= avijjasavo 無明漏)

【cattaro anariya-vohara】 四非聖語 (four ignoble modes of speech)

‧musa-vado 妄語 (lying)

‧pisuna-vaca 兩舌 (slandering, mischief-making, alienation)

‧pharusa-vaca 惡口 (rude speech)

‧samphappalapo 綺語 (foolish babble)

【apare pi cattaro anariya-vohara】 另有四非聖語 (four more un-Ariyan

modes of speech)

‧aditthe dittha-vadita 不見言見 (claiming to have seen what one has not seen)

‧assute suta-vadita 不聞言聞 (claiming to have heard what one has not heard)

‧amute muta-vadita 不覺言覺 (claiming to have sensed what one has not sensed)

‧avibbate vibbata-vadita 不知言知 (claiming to have known what one has not known)

【cattari ariya-saccani】 四聖諦 (for noble truths)

‧dukkham 苦 (suffering)

‧dukkha-samudayo 苦之集 (origin of suffering)

‧dukkha-nirodho 苦之滅 (cessation of suffering) cessation of suffering)

‧dukkha-nirodha-gamini patipada 趣向苦滅之道 (the way leading to the G

【cattari padhanani】 四勤 (four efforts)

‧samvara-padhanam 律儀勤 (the effort to avoid (unwholesome states))

‧pahana-padhanam 斷勤 (the effort to overcome (unwholesome states))

‧bhavana-padhanam 修勤 (the effort to develop (wholesome states))

‧anurakkhana-padhanam 隨護勤 (the effort to maintain (wholesome states))

【cattari sotapattiyavgani】 四預流支 (four (preliminary) conditions to Stream-entry)

‧sappurisa-samsevo 親近善士 (companionship with good persons)

‧saddhamma-savanam 聽聞正法 (hearing the Good Law)

‧yoniso-manasikaro 內正思維 (wise reflection)

‧dhammqnudhamma-patipatti 法次法向 (living in conformity with the Law)

【cattari sotapannassa avgani】 四預流果支 / 四不壞淨 (four characteristic

qualities of a Stream-winner)

‧buddhe avecca-ppasadena samannagato hoti 於佛不壞淨成就 (endowed with

the unshakable faith towards the Enlightened One)

‧dhamme avecca-ppasadena samannagato hoti 於法不壞淨成就 (endowed with

the unshakable faith towards the Doctrine)

‧savghe avecca-ppasadena samannagato hoti 於僧不壞淨成就 (endowed with

the unshakable faith towards the Order)

‧ariya-kantehi silehi samannagato hoti 聖 [所愛] 戒成就 (endowed with the

perfect morality or the morality dear to the Noble Ones)

【cattari samabba-phalani】 四沙門果 (four fruits of monkhood)

‧sotapatti-phalam 須陀洹果 (the fruit of Stream-entrance)

‧sakadagami-phalam 斯陀含果 (the fruit of Once-return)

‧anagami-phalam 阿那含果 (the fruit of Non-return)

‧arahatta-phalam 阿羅漢果 (the fruit of Perfect Holiness)

【catasso dhatuyo】 四界 (four physical elements)

‧pathavi-dhatu 地界 (earth or solid-element)

‧apo-dhatu 水界 (water or fluidity-element)

‧tejo-dhatu 火界 (fire or heat-element)

‧vayo-dhatu 風界 (wind or motion-element)

= cattaro maha-bhuta 四大種 (four primary elements)

【catasso yoniyo】 四生 (four modes of generation) cf. M.12

‧andaja-yoni 卵生 (generation from the egg)

‧jalabuja-yoni 胎生 (generation from the mother’s womb)

‧samsedaja-yoni 濕生 (generation from moisture)

‧opapatika-yoni 化生 (spontaneous rebirth (in heaven, hell, etc.))

【catasso appamabbayo】 四無量(心) (four boundless states (of mind))

‧metta 慈 (loving-kindness)

‧karuna 悲 (compassion)

‧mudita 喜 (appreciative joy)

‧upekkha 捨 (equanimity) (not apathy or indifference)

(= cattaro brahma-vihara 四梵住，four sublime or divine abodes)

【cattaro satipatthana】 四念處 / 四念住 (four foundations of mindfulness)

‧kaye kayanupassi viharati 身身觀念住 (於身，住於身隨觀；即，對於身
體，隨時處在觀察著身體的狀態) (with reference to the body, he lives

observing the body) (or … he abides contemplating the body)

‧vedanasu vedananupassi viharati 受受觀念住 (於受，住於受隨觀) (with

reference to the feelings, he lives observing the feelings)

‧citte cittanupassi viharati 心心觀念住 (於心，住於心隨觀) (with

reference to the mind, he lives observing the mind)

‧dhammesu dhammanupassi viharati 法法觀念住 (於法，住於法隨觀)

(with reference to the mind-objects, he lives observing the mind-objects)

【cattaro pabha-vyakarana】 四記答 / 四記問 (four ways of answering questions)

((《長阿含‧9眾集經》，大1-51b) 復有四法，謂四記論。)

‧ekamsa-vyakaraniyo pabho 決定記論 (或 應一向記問——有的問題應予

明確、決定的回答) (there are questions requiring a direct answer)

‧vibhajja-vyakaraniyo pabho 分別記論 (或 應分別記問——有的問題應分

不同的情況，予以分別不同的解答) (there are questions requiring

an explanation)

‧patipuccha-vyakaraniyo pabho 詰問記論 (或 應反詰記問——有的問題

應以反問的方式，逐步引導，使其明白) (there are questions to be

answered by counter-questions)

‧thapaniyo-vyakaraniyo pabho 止住記論 (或 應捨置記問——有的問題對

趣向清淨解脫沒有積極益處的，不應作答) (there are questions to

be set aside)

【cattari dhamma-samadanani】 四受持法 (four ways of undertaking dhamma)

((《中阿含‧174 受法經》，大1-711b) 世間真實有四種受法，云何為四？)

‧atth’ avuso dhamma-samadanam paccuppannam dukkham, ayatib ca

dukkha-vipakam. 或有受法，現苦當來亦受苦報 (there is the way that

is painful in the present and brings painful future results)

‧atth’ avuso dhamma-samadanam paccuppannam dukkham, ayatib ca

sukha-vipakam. 或有受法，現苦當來受樂報 (there is the way that

is painful in the present and brings pleasant future results)

‧atth’ avuso dhamma-samadanam paccuppannam sukham, ayatib ca

dukkha-vipakam. 或有受法，現樂當來受苦報 (there is the way that

is pleasant in the present and brings painful future results)

‧atth’ avuso dhamma-samadanam paccuppannam sukham, ayatib ca

sukha-vipakam. 或有受法，現樂當來亦受樂報 (there is the way that

is pleasant in the present and brings pleasant future results)

(另參《長阿含‧9眾集經》，大1-50c)

Pabca dhamma 五法 (five things)

【pabca-kkhandha】 五蘊 (five aggregates or groups)

‧rupa-kkhandho 色蘊 (the corporeality-group)

‧vedana-kkhandho 受蘊 (the feeling-group)

‧sabba-kkhandho 想蘊 (the perception-group)

‧savkhara-kkhandho 行蘊 (the mental-formation-group)

‧vibbana-kkhandho 識蘊 (the consciousness-group)

【pabcgpadana-kkhandha】 五取蘊 (five aggregates of clinging or grasping)

‧rupgpadana-kkhandho 色取蘊 (the corporeality-group of clinging)

‧vedangpadana-kkhandho 受取蘊 (the feeling-group of clinging)

‧sabbgpadana-kkhandho 想取蘊 (the perception-group of clinging)

‧savkhargpadana-kkhandho 行取蘊 (the mental-formation-group of clinging)

‧vibbangpadana-kkhandho 識取蘊 (the consciousness-group of clinging)

【pabca gatiyo】 五趣 (lit. “going”, five courses of existence or five destinies)

‧nirayo 地獄 (hell)

‧tiracchana-yoni 畜生 (the realm of animals or the brute creation)

‧petti-visayo 餓鬼道 (ghost realm, the world of hungry ghosts)

‧manissa 人 (human world)

‧deva 天 (heavenly world)

【pabca nivaranani】 五蓋 (five hindrances)

‧kamacchanda-nivaranam 欲貪蓋 (sensuous desire)

‧vyapada-nivaranam 瞋恚蓋 (ill-will)

‧thina-middha-nivaranam 昏沈睡眠蓋 (sloth and torpor)

‧uddhacca-kukkucca-nivaranam 掉舉惡作蓋 (restlessness and scruples)

‧vicikiccha-nivaranam 疑蓋 (sceptical doubt)

【pabca sikkhapadani】 五學處 (five steps of training, five moral rules)

‧panatipata veramani 離殺生 (abstaining from killing living beings)

‧adinnadana veramani 離不與取 (abstaining from taking what is not given)

‧kamesu micchacara veramani 離邪淫 (abstaining from misconduct in

sensual pleasures)

‧musavada veramani 離妄語 (abstaining from lying or false speech)

‧sura-meraya-majja-pamadatthana veramani 離種種酒類--放逸之根本

(abstaining from wine, liquor,and intoxicants, which are the basis of negligence)

【pabc’ oram-bhagiyani samyojanani】 五下分結 (five low fetters)

‧sakkaya-ditthi 身見 (personality-belief)

‧vicikiccha 疑 (sceptical doubt)

‧silabbata-paramaso 戒禁取 (clinging to mere rules and ritual)

‧kamacchando / kama-rago 欲貪 (sensuous desire or sensuous craving)

‧vyapado 瞋恚 (ill-will)

【pabc’ uddham-bhagiyani samyojanani】 五上分結 (five higher fetters)

‧rupa-rago 色貪 (craving for fine-material existence)

‧arupa-rago 無色貪 (craving for immaterial existence)

‧mano 慢 (conceit)

‧uddhaccam 掉 (restlessness)

‧avijja 無明 (ignorance)

【pabc’ indriyani】 五根 (five faculties)

‧sukhindriyam 樂根 (the faculty of bodily pleasant feeling)

‧dukkhindriyam 苦根 (the faculty of bodily pain)

‧somanassindriyam 喜根 (the faculty of gladness)

‧domanassindriyam 憂根 (the faculty of sadness)

‧upekhindriyam 捨根 (the faculty of indifference)

【aparani pi pabc’ indriyani】 另有五根 (five more faculties)

‧saddhindriyam 信根 (the faculty of faith)

‧viriyindriyam 精進根 (the faculty of energy)

‧satindriyam 念根 (the faculty of mindfulness)

‧samadhindriyam 定根 (the faculty of concentration)

‧pabbindriyam 慧根 (the faculty of wisdom)

【pabca vimutti-paripacaniya sabba】 五解脫成熟想 (five perceptions making

for maturity of liberation)

‧anicca-sabba 無常想 (the perception of impermanence)

‧anicce dukkha-sabba 無常苦想 (the perception of suffering in impermanence)

‧dukkhe anatta-sabba 苦無我想 (the perception of impersonality in suffering)

‧pahana-sabba 斷想 (the perception of abandoning)

‧viraga-sabba 離貪想 (the perception of dispassion or detachment)

※另 ti-lakkhanam 三相 (three characteristics of existence)

Cha dhamma 六法 (six things)

【cha ajjhattikani ayatanani】 六內處 (six internal / personal bases or sources)

‧cakkhqyatanam 眼處 (the base of eye or visual organ)

‧sotqyatanam 耳處 (the base of ear or auditory organ)

‧ghanqyatanam 鼻處 (the base of nose or olfactory organ)

‧jivhqyatanam 舌處 (the base of tongue or gustatory organ)

‧kayqyatanam 身處 (the base of body or tactile organ)

‧manqyatanam 意處 (the base of mind or consciousness)

【cha bahirani ayatanani】 六外處 (six external bases or sources)

‧rupqyatanam 色處 (the base of visible object)

‧saddqyatanam 聲處 (the base of sound or audible object)

‧gandhqyatanam 香處 (the base of odour or olfactive object)

‧rasqyatanam 味處 (the base of taste or gustative object)

‧photthabbayqyatanam 觸處 (the base of body-impression or tangible object)

‧dhammqyatanam 法處 (the base of mind-object)

【cha anussati-tthanani】 六隨念處 (six objects of recollection)

‧buddhqnussati 佛隨念 (念佛) (the recollection of the Buddha)

‧dhammqnussati 法隨念 (念法) (the recollection of the Doctrine)

‧savghqnussati 僧隨念 (念僧) (the recollection of the Community of noble disciples)

‧silqnussati 戒隨念 (念戒) (the recollection of morality)

‧cagqnussati 施隨念 (念施) (the recollection of liberality or renunciation)

‧devatqnussati 天隨念 (念天) (the recollection of the heavenly beings)

※另 ti-ratanam 三寶 (Three Jewels or Three Gems)

ti-saranam 三歸依 (Threefold Refuge)

Satta dhamma 七法 (seven things)

【satta ariya-dhanani】 七聖財 (seven treasures of the Noble)

‧saddha-dhanam 信財 (the treasure of faith)

‧sila-dhanam 戒財 (the treasure of morality)

‧hiri-dhanam 慚財 (the treasure of moral shame)

‧ottappa-dhanam 愧財 (the treasure of moral dread)

‧suta-dhanam 聞財 (the treasure of learing)

‧caga-dhanam 施財 (the treasure of liberality or renunciation)

‧pabba-dhanam 慧財 (the treasure of wisdom)

【satta sambojjhavga】 七覺支 (the seven factors of enlightenment)

‧sati-sambojjhavgo 念覺支 (the enlightenment-factor of mindfulness)

‧dhamma-vicaya-sambojjhavgo 擇法覺支 (… of investigation of the law or

of (bodily and mental) phenomena)

‧viriya-sambojjhavgo 精進覺支 (… of energy)

‧piti-sambojjhavgo 喜覺支 (… of rapture)

‧passaddhi-sambojjhavgo 輕安覺支 (… of tranquillity)

‧samadhi-sambojjhavgo 定覺支 (… of concentration)

‧upekha-sambojjhavgo 捨覺支 (… of equanimity)

【satta sappurisa-dhamma】 七善士法 (seven qualities of the true man)

‧dhammabbu 知法 (knowing the doctrine)

‧atthabbu 知義 (knowing the meaning)

‧attabbu 自知 (knowing self)

‧mattabbu 知量 (knowing moderation)

‧kalabbu 知時 (knowing the right time)

‧parisabbu 知眾 (knowing groups)

‧puggalabbu 知人 (knowing persons)

【satta balani】 七力 (seven powers)

‧saddha-balam 信力 (the power of faith)

‧viriya-balam 精進 (the power of energy)

‧hiri-balam 慚力 (the power of moral shame)

‧ottappa-balam 愧力 (the power of moral dread)

‧sati-balam 念力 (the power of mindfulness)

‧samadhi-balam 定力 (the power of concentration)

‧pabba-balam 慧力 (the power of wisdom)

Attha dhamma 八法 (eight things)

【attha sammatta】 八正 (eight rightnesses)

‧samma-ditthi 正見 (right view)

‧samma-savkappo 正思 (right thought)

‧samma-vaca 正語 (right speech)

‧samma-kammanto 正業 (right bodily action)

‧samma-ajivo 正命 (right livelihood)

‧samma-vayamo 正精進 (right effort)

‧samma-sati 正念 (right mindfulness)

‧samma-samadhi 正定 (right concentration)

= ariyo atthavgiko maggo 聖八支道 (Noble Eightfold Path)

【attha micchatta】 八邪 (eight wrongnesses)

‧miccha-ditthi 邪見 (wrong view) 等等

【attha puggala-dakkhineyya】 八應供人 (eight persons worthy of offerings)

‧sotqpanno 須陀洹 (the Stream-Winner)

‧sotqpatti-phala-sacchikiriyaya patipanno 向須陀洹 (one who has practised

to realize the fruition of Stream-Entry)

‧sakad-agami 斯陀含 (the Once-Returner)

‧sakad-agami-phala-sacchikiriyaya patipanno 向斯陀含 (one who has practised

to realize the fruition of Once-Return)

‧anagami 阿那含 (the Non-Returner)

‧anagami-phala-sacchikiriyaya patipanno 向阿那含 (one who has practised

to realize the fruition of Non-Return)

‧araha 阿羅漢 (the Arahant or the Holy One)

‧arahattaya patipanno 向阿羅漢 (one who has practised to realize the

fruition of Arahantship or Holiness)

【attha parisa】 八眾 (eight assemblies)

‧khattiya-parisa 剎帝利眾 (the assembly of Khattiyas)

‧brahmana-parisa 婆羅門眾 (the assembly of Brahmins)

‧gahapati-parisa 居士眾 (the assembly of householders)

‧samana-parisa 沙門眾 (the assembly of ascetics)

‧catummaharajika-parisa 四大(天)王眾 (the assembly of devas of the Realm

of the Four Great Kings)

‧tavatimsa-parisa 三十三天眾 (the assembly of the Thirty-Three Gods)

‧mara-parisa 魔眾 (the assembly of Maras)

‧brahma-parisa 梵眾 (the assembly of Brahmas)

【attha loka-dhamma】 八世法 (eight worldly conditions)

‧labho 利(得) (gain)

‧alabho 衰(損) (loss)

‧yaso 稱，聲名 (honour or fame)

‧ayaso 譏，惡名 (dishonour or shame)

‧ninda 毀，詆毀 (blame)

‧pasamsa 譽，讚賞 (praise)

‧sukham 樂 (happiness)

‧dukkham 苦 (misery)

Nava dhamma 九法 (nine things)

【nava anupubba-nirodha】 九次第滅 (nine successive cessations or extinctions)

‧pathama-jjhanam samapannassa kama-sabba niruddha honti 入初禪者，欲想滅

(in him who has entered the first jhana or absorption, the sensuous

perceptions are extinguished)

‧dutiya-jjhanam samapannassa vitakka-vicara niruddha honti 入二禪者，尋思滅

(having entered the second jhana, thought-conception and discursive

thinking are extinguished)

‧tatiya-jjhanam samapannassa piti niruddha honti 入三禪者，喜滅 (having

entered the third jhana, rapture is extinguished)

‧catuttha-jjhanam samapannassa assasa-passasa niruddha honti 入四禪者，入

出息滅 (having entered the fourth jhana, in-and-out breathing are

extinguished)

‧akasqnabcqyatanam samapannassa rupa-sabba niruddha honti 入「空無邊處

定」者，色想滅 (having entered the sphere of boundless space, the

corporeality perceptions are extinguished)

‧vibbanabcqyatanam samapannassa akasqnabcqyatana-sabba niruddha honti

入「識無邊處定」者，空無邊處想滅 (having entered the sphere of

boundless consciousness, the perception of the sphere of boundless space

is extinguished)

‧akibcabbqyatanam samapannassa vibbanabcqyatana-sabba niruddha honti

入「無所有處定」者，識無邊處想滅 (having entered the sphere of

nothingness, the perception of the sphere of boundless consciousness

is extinguished)

‧neva-sabba-nasabbqyatanam samapannassa akibcabbqyatana-sabba niruddha

honti 入「非想非非想處定」者，無所有處想滅 (having entered the

sphere of neither-perception-nor-non-perception, the perception of the

sphere of nothingness is extinguished)

‧sabba-vedayita-nirodham samapannassa sabba ca vedana ca niruddha honti

入「想受滅(定)」者，想與受滅 (having entered the extinction of

perception and feeling, perception and feeling are extinguished)

Dasa dhamma 十法 (ten things)

【dasa kasinqyatanani】 十遍處 (ten kasina-spheres or objects for the attainment

of absorption)

‧pathavai-kasinam 地遍 (earth-kasina)

‧apo-kasinam 水遍 (water-kasina)

‧tejo-kasinam 火遍 (fire-kasina)

‧vayo-kasinam 風遍 (wind-kasina)

‧nila-kasinam 青遍 (blue-kasina)

‧pita-kasinam 黃遍 (yellow-kasina)

‧lohita-kasinam 赤遍 (red-kasina)

‧odata-kasinam 白遍 (white-kasina)

‧akasa-kasinam 空遍 (space-kasina)

‧vibbana-kasinam 識遍 (consciousness-kasina)

【dasa anusati】 十隨念 (ten objects of recollection)

‧buddhqnussati 佛隨念 (念佛) (the recollection of the Buddha)

‧dhammqnussati 法隨念 (念法) (the recollection of the Doctrine)

‧savghqnussati 僧隨念 (念僧) (the recollection of the Community of noble disciples)

‧silqnussati 戒隨念 (念戒) (the recollection of morality)

‧cagqnussati 施隨念 (念施) (the recollection of liberality or renunciation)

‧devatqnussati 天隨念 (念天) (the recollection of the heavenly beings)

‧marana-sati 念死 (mindfulness on death)

‧kayagata-sati 念身 (mindfulness on the body)

‧anapana-sati 安那般那念 (念入出息) (mindfulness on breathing)

‧upasamqnussati 寂止隨念 (念寂止) (the recollection of peace)

【dasa kusala-kammapatha】 十善業道 (tenfold wholesome courses of action)

‧panqtipata veramani 離殺生 (abstaining from killing living beings)

‧adinnqdana veramani 離不與取 (abstaining from taking what is not given)

‧kamesu micchqcara veramani 離邪淫 (abstaining from misconduct in

sensual pleasures)

‧musa-vada veramani 離妄語 (abstaining from lying or false speech)

‧pisunaya vacaya veramani 離兩舌 (abstaining from slandering or alienation)

‧pharusaya vacaya veramani 離惡口 (abstaining from rude speech)

‧samphappalapa veramani 離綺語 (abstaining from foolish babble)

‧anabhijjha 無貪 (greedlessness or unselfishness)

‧avyapado 無瞋 (hatelessness or good-will)

‧samma-ditthi 正見 (right views)

【dasa akusala-kammapatha】 十不善業道 (tenfold unwholesome courses of action)

‧panqtipato, adinnqdanam, kamesu micchqcaro

‧musa-vado, pisuna vaca, pharusa vaca, samphappalapo

‧abhijjha, vyapado, miccha-ditthi

【dasa paramiyo】 十波羅蜜 (ten perfections, ten qualities leading to Buddhahood)

‧dana-parami 施波羅蜜 (perfection in giving or liberality)

‧sila-parami 戒波羅蜜 (perfection in morality)

‧nekkhamma-parami 離欲波羅蜜 (perfection in renunciation)

‧pabba-parami 智慧波羅蜜 (perfection in wisdom)

‧viriya-parami 精進波羅蜜 (perfection in energy)

‧khanti-parami 忍辱波羅蜜 (perfection in patience or forbearance))

‧sacca-parami 真實波羅蜜 (perfection in truthfulness)

‧adhitthana-parami 決意波羅蜜 (perfection in resolution)

‧metta-parami 慈波羅蜜 (perfection in loving-kindness)

‧upekkha-parami 捨波羅蜜 (perfection in equanimity)

【dasa asekha dhamma】 十無學法 (ten qualities of the non-learner)

‧asekha samma-ditthi 無學正見 (the non-learner’s right view)

‧asekho samma-savkappo 無學正思 (the non-learner’s right thought)

‧asekha samma-vaca 無學正語 (the non-learner’s right speech)

‧asekho samma-kammanto 無學正業 (the non-learner’s right bodily action)

‧asekho samma-ajivo 無學正命 (the non-learner’s right livelihood)

‧asekho samma-vayamo 無學正精進 (the non-learner’s right effort)

‧asekha samma-sati 無學正念 (the non-learner’s right mindfulness)

‧asekha samma-samadhi 無學正定 (the non-learner’s right concentration)

‧asekham samma-banam 無學正智 (the non-learner’s right knowledge)

‧asekha samma-vimutti 無學正解脫 (the non-learner’s right liberation)

【paticca-samuppado】 緣起 (dependent origination)

‧avijja-paccaya savkhara 無明緣-行 (緣無明，有行) (from ignorance-cause

are the “karma-formations”; ie, “karma-formations” are caused by

ignorance)

‧savkhara-paccaya vibbanam 行緣-識 (緣行，有識) (from the karma-

formations-cause is consciousness)

‧vibbana-paccaya nama-rupam 識緣-名色 (緣識，有名色) (from

consciousness-cause are the mental and phisical phenomena)

‧nama-rupa-paccaya salayatanam 名色緣-六入 (from the mental-and-

phisical-phenomena-cause are the six bases)

‧salayatana-paccaya phasso 六入緣-觸 (from the six-base-cause is the

(sensorial mental) impression)

‧phassa-paccaya vedana 觸緣-受 (from the impression-cause is feeling)

‧vedana-paccaya tanha 受緣-愛 (from feeling-cause is craving)

‧tanha-paccaya upadanam 愛緣-取 (from craving-cause is clinging)

‧upadana-paccaya bhavo 取緣-有 (from clinging-cause is the process of

becoming)

‧bhava-paccaya jati 有緣-生 (from becoming-process-cause is rebirth)

‧jati-paccaya jara-maranam 生緣-老死 (from rebirth-cause are old age and

death)