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觀世音菩薩對婦女「無子之苦」的救度 -- 以天台智者大師《觀音義疏》為根據=Bodhisāttva Guanyin Rescuses Women who Suffer from Infertility: Based on Guanyin yishu of Tiantai Master Zhiyi
Author 釋大參 (著)
Source 全國佛學論文聯合發表會論文集(第15屆)
Date2004.09.11
Pages28
Publisher福嚴佛學院=Fu Yen Buddhist Institute
Publisher Url http://www.fuyan.org.tw/
Location新竹市, 臺灣 [Hsinchu shih, Taiwan]
Content type會議論文=Proceeding Article
Language中文=Chinese
Note作者為華梵大學東方人文思想研究所博士候選人
Keyword無子之苦; 二求; 觀音; 智顗=智者大師=天台大師; 天台=Tiantai; 普門品=Chapter of the Universal Gate; 觀世音; 救度; 感應; 婦女; 無子之苦=suffer from infertility; 《觀音義疏》=Guanyin yishu; 智者大師=Master Zhiyi
Abstract本文所欲論述觀世音菩薩對婦女「無子之苦」的救度以及「觀音送子法門」,主要是依據智者大師(538-597)《觀音義疏》中對大乘「人空法空」的闡揚,提供那些偏執於非得生男或生女的人們,破除對「男女二相」的執著。並具體說明智者大師所說「禮拜」與「求願」等修法,最後闡明應學習《觀音玄義》所說的「三種慈悲」為典範,效法觀世音菩薩無緣大慈視一切眾生為我子,如此方是最究竟地轉「惡機」為「善機」,真正實踐觀音送子法門。
本文在方法上主要是嘗試以傅偉勳教授所提出一般方法論的五個詮釋的層次,對智者大師的《普門品》註釋進行再詮釋。
由於智者大師在《觀音義疏》中對「無子之苦」的解釋僅停留在「事解」以及「果報觀解」的說明,其他「惡業與煩惱觀解」部分則採用「借事表法」的方式,即借用「男女二字」及「生子義」來說明「藏通別圓」四教行人修行法門缺失與殊勝處。如此的詮釋顯然與《普門品》原文所欲探討的「無子之苦」距離甚遠,且非筆者所欲談論的重點。因此,筆者首先說明《觀音義疏》中「無子之苦」及天台學說中「事解」與「觀解」的基本意義,其次探討智者大師以「事解」與「觀解」(果報、修因、煩惱)解釋「七難三毒」的意義與理論模式,最後再借用智者大師解釋「七難三毒」的模式,來說明智者大師解釋「無子之苦」可能的意義。同時試圖說明眾生若遭遇「無子之苦」,如何以「果報苦、業苦、煩惱苦」三個層面觀修觀音法門,在消極方面能遠離「無子之苦」;在積極方面或可由苦門進入解脫法門甚至菩薩法門。

天台智者大師的《觀音玄義》、《觀音義疏》及《法華文句•普門品》是現存單行本最早的〈普門品〉詮釋,極具文獻價值。其中《觀音義疏》對於「無子之苦」有獨到的闡揚,本文主要藉此探討「無子之苦」的因素,以及修持「觀音送子法門」離苦的方法。在方法上,本文以傅偉動教授所提出一般方法論的五個詮釋層次,首先說明《觀音義疏》中「無子之苦」及天台學說中「事解」與「觀解」的基本意義,其次探討「七難三毒」的意義與理論模式,最後再借用智者大師解經的理論模式,試圖說明智者大師對「無子之苦」可能闡述的意義。
本文除了提供那些偏執於非得生男或生女的人們,破除對「男女二相」的執著,並具體說明天台觀音送子法門的修行是以《觀音玄義》的「三種慈悲」為根據,而效法觀世音菩薩視一切眾生為我子的無緣大慈。

Tiantai Master Zhiyi's Guanyin xuanyi and Guanyin yishu are the earliest published interpretations of Chapter of the Universal Gate and very valuable. Amongst Tiantai Master Zhiyi's works, Guanyin yishu has an unique perspective on the issue of 'women who suffer from infertility'. The below paragraphs explore the reason of 'women who suffer from infertility' and the method to get rid of the suffering of being infertile by practicing Tiantai's teachings.
This passage based on the five levels of explanatory note of general methodology addressed by Professor Fu, Wel Xun to first clarify 'women who suffer from infertility' in Guanyin yishu and the basic meaning of the two perspectives: 'understanding of fact' and 'contemplative understanding' suggested in the School of Tiantai. Then, the paper further discusses the meanings and theoretical models of Zhiyi's interpretations on 'the seven calamities and the three poisons'.
Lastly, the discussion attempted to show what Master Zhiyi would like to explain in 'women who suffer from infertility'. In addition, this text offers those who are bigoted to infants' gender to get rid of the sexual prejudice, and embodies that the practicing of 'the dhārma-gate of Tiantai's prayer for an infant to kuan-yin' is based on the three reasons of bodhisāttva's pity of Guanyin xuanyi, then encourages people to follow the great compassion of Guanyin's regarding all sentient beings as one's son.
Table of contents一、前言 2
二、《觀音義疏》文本略述 4
三、《觀音義疏》「事解」與「觀解」七難的理論模式 5
(一)對七難的「事解」 6
(二)對七難的「觀解」 7
 (1)從「果報」的角度觀諸難 8
 (2)從「惡業」的角度觀諸難 9
 (3)從「煩惱」的角度觀諸難 10
四、無子之苦為婦女的「惡機」 13
(一)從「果報」的立場觀無子之苦 14
(二)從「修因」的立場觀無子之因 17
(三)從「煩惱」的立場觀無子苦之根本 18
五、如何修持觀音送子法門轉「惡機」為「善機」 19
(一)轉化無子之苦的外在與內在壓力 19
(二)從事宗教修行活動 21
六、小結 23
Hits1057
Created date2007.10.11
Modified date2023.10.06



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