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唐宋試經剃度制度探究=An Approach to the System of Tonsuring through Buddhist Scriptures' Test in the Tang and Song Dynasties |
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白文固 (著)=Bai, Wen-gu (au.)
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| Source |
史學月刊=Journal of Historical Science
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| Volume | n.8 |
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| Date | 2005 |
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| Pages | 31 - 36 |
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| Publisher | 河南人民出版社 |
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| Location | 開封, 中國 [Kaifeng, China] |
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| Content type | 期刊論文=Journal Article |
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| Language | 中文=Chinese |
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| Note | 作者為歷史學碩士、青海師範大學人文學院教授，從事宗教社會史及政治制度史研究。 |
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| Keyword | 試經剃度=tonsuring through Buddhist scriptures’ test; 創立=initiate; 完善=complete; 衰落=decline |
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| Abstract | 試經剃度制度，就是用測試經業的辦法遴選、剃度僧尼的制度，它是中國封建政府控制僧尼剃度權的歷史產物，同時又是作為科舉制度的蘗生物而出現的。試經剃度制度始創於唐高宗、中宗朝，成於開元以後，至唐末、北宋前期更趨成熟、完善。但由於禪宗的南宗一系提倡頓悟，掃去大量讀經拜佛的修行儀式，因而在僧團內部對試經存有一股潛在的抵觸力量，影響了試經制度的正常發育。特別是北宋熙寧初期推行賣度牒政策，極大地敗壞了僧尼刻苦攻讀經業的良好風氣，試經制度也漸次變成了紙上的條文，中國歷史上興起的第一次寺院學院化、僧伽學員化的教育活動也隨之衰落了。
The tonsuring through Buddhist scriptures’ test was the system of selecting and tonsuring Buddhists through testing the Buddhist Scriptures. It was a historical result that the power of tonsuring the Buddhist was controlled by the government in Chinese feudal society, and appeared as an accessory to the system of imperial examination. It was initiated during the reign of Emperor Gao Zong and Zhong Zong in the Tang dynasty, formed after Kai Yuan period, and completed at the end of the Tang dynasty and the early stage in the Northern Song dynasty. However, because the southern sect of the Dhyana promoted sudden comprehension, and swept away many practicing ceremonies of reading the Buddhist scriptures’ test in the Buddhist scriptures’ test, the system’s normal growth was hindered. Especially, the government pursued a policy of selling the tonsuring certificates in the Xi Ning period of Northern Song, which extremely corrupted the good atmosphere of the Buddhist s diligently studying the Buddhist scriptures, and the system gradually became empty clauses. |
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| Table of contents | 一 試經剃度制度的創立 31
二 試經剃度制度的漸趨成熟 33
(一) 對經業考核漸次形成了一個可供操作的量化標準 33
(二) 試經中漸次形成了分科考試的辦法 33
(三) 主試權由高僧大德之手漸次向祠部和地方官員手中轉移 34
三 試經剃度制度的進一步發展 34
(一) 差官主試制度化 34
(二) 確立了對應試人的資格審查制度 35
(三) 考試程式和考試辦法更趨規範 36 |
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| ISSN | 05830214 (P); 05830214 (E) |
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| Hits | 830 |
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| Created date | 2008.11.18 |
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| Modified date | 2021.02.24 |
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