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馬祖「即心即佛」說的思想淵源與禪法特色
Author 紀華傳
Source 法源
Volume(總號=n.25)
Date2005.11
Publisher中國佛學院
Publisher Url http://www.zgfxy.cn/index.asp
Location北京, 中國 [Beijing, China]
Content type期刊論文=Journal Article
Language中文=Chinese
Abstract即心即佛”,又稱“即心是佛”,是禪宗中最為重要的思想之一。禪宗史上常常將此說作為馬祖獨有的命題,造成這一印象的原因有三,一是馬祖更多運用此命題來接引和啟發弟子,如大梅法常聽馬祖道一說“即心是佛”,而得徹悟。1二是馬祖的弟子和后來禪者多持此說,如馬祖圓寂后,大多數弟子據說以“認即心即佛外無別說”。2三是馬祖賦予“即心即佛”說不少新意。延壽《宗鏡錄》卷二在分述各派旨趣時說“馬祖即佛是心”,《無門關》第三十則也把“即心即佛”作為馬祖獨特的教法。

然而,“即心即佛”說不是馬祖自己的獨創,而是繼承發揮了早期禪宗祖師的思想。曆史地考察“即心即佛”說的淵源,可以看出它有一個逐漸形成與發展的過程,它是從達摩初步形成,至四祖道信而正式提出,到六祖慧能時大為發展,最后經過馬祖的大力倡導,成為南宗禪核心命題的。本文根據佛教史書及早期禪宗文獻,將馬祖“即心即佛”說放在整個早期禪宗史的背景中加以考察,通過梳理“即心即佛”說的思想淵源與發展過程,由此分析馬祖“即心即佛”說的禪法精神與思想特色。
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Created date2009.05.18
Modified date2020.12.07



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