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Purification Buddhist Movement, 1954-62: The Recovery of Traditional Monasticism from Japanized Buddhism in South Korea |
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| Author |
Mun, Chan-ju
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| Source |
Hsi Lai Journal of Humanistic Buddhism=西來人間佛教學報
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| Volume | v.8 |
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| Date | 2007 |
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| Pages | 262 - 294 |
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| Publisher | International Academy of Buddhism, University of the West |
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| Publisher Url |
http://www.uwest.edu/site/
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| Location | Rosemead, CA, US [柔似蜜, 加利福尼亞州, 美國] |
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| Content type | 期刊論文=Journal Article |
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| Language | 英文=English |
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| Abstract | The main theme of this article is to introduce Purification Buddhist Movement (Jeonghwa Bulgyo Undong), without which the readers cannot understand current Korean Buddhism. Even so, the movement has never been introduced to outside of South Korea, so the writer is to inform the readers of visualizing the movement’s general picture. There are only several academic articles on the movement even in the Korean language. In 2000, Korean Buddhists held a seminar on the movement in the first time and in 2001 published the first academic book on the subject with the collection of the articles presented at the seminar.
Gim Gwangsik, specialist in modern and contemporary Korean Buddhism, leading the research on the subject, along with I Cheolgyo, compiled source materials for Purification Buddhist movement in 1996, which smoothly paved historians and sociologists in modern and current Korean Buddhism to conduct research on the movement academically and extensively. Based upon the source materials, he also published several papers on it in various journals and recently included them in his two books, published in 2000 and 2006 respectively.
The Monastic Alumni Association of Dongguk University published a general historical book on modern Korean Buddhism in 1997 and discussed various subjects under five parts, (1) religious orders, (2) propagation, (3) text translation, (4) education, (5) culture, and (6) society. It discusses Purification Buddhist Movement in the first part of the book. The committee for editing a book on the history of purification Buddhist movement in Korean Buddhism edited and published a book on purification Buddhist movement in 1996. Seonu Doryang, a progressive Buddhist organization, published the collection of the articles related with Buddhism, included in newspapers, in four volumes in 1995 and 1999.
There have been two major movements in the Buddhist history of South Korea since the liberation of that country from Japan on August 15, 1945. Chronologically, the first to appear was the “Purification Buddhist Movement” (Jeonghwa Bulgyo Undong), the more recent being the Minjung (Liberation) Buddhist Movement in 1980’s.
The Purification Buddhist Movement began in 1954 and was largely concluded by 1962. This movement focused on cleansing the influence of Japanese Buddhism and purifying the monastic order in Korean Buddhism. The movement was initiated by executive orders of the first South Korean president, I Seungman, to expel married Buddhist priests from traditional monasteries. Essentially, the Korean monastic orders had kept the precept of non-marriage until the Japanization of them by the Japanese government. This occurred during the colonial period from 1910 to 1945. During that time, the Japanese Governor-General in Korea forcibly caused Korean Buddhist monks to marry in order to facilitate control over the Korean Buddhist orders.
The unmarried monks obtained the leadership in the order after the national monastic conference on August 12 – 13, 1955. The married monks, who lost the leadership, strongly reacted against the unmarried monks’ leadership. The confrontations between two groups continued until to the establishment of the united order between them in April 1962. The married monastic group broke away from the united order because of un-favored and discriminated measures from the unmarried monastic group in September 1962.
The Supreme Court finished the long and tedious legal procedure between the married monastic group and the unmarried monastic group and authorized Purification Buddhism over married Japanized Buddhism in 1969. The married monks established the independent new order entitled Taego Order and the government approved the registration of the new order based on the Law of the Management of Buddhist Properties in 1970.
Purification Buddhism had two major missions. First, it was to recover the celibate monastic t |
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| Table of contents | 1. The US Military Government, 1945-48
1.1. The Discriminations against Buddhism
1.2. Activities to Remove Japanese Buddhist Influence
2.Purification Buddhist Movement, 1954-62
2.1. The Sprout of Purification Buddhist Movement
2.2. Early Purification Buddhist Movement
2.3. The Development of Purification Buddhist Movement
2.4. The April 19, 1960 Movement and the Purification Buddhist Movement
2.5. The May 16, 1961 Coup and the Purification Buddhist Movement
2.6. The Completion of the Purification Buddhist Movement
3. The Aftereffects of the Purification Buddhist Movement
4. Concluding Remarks |
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| ISSN | 15304108 (P) |
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| Hits | 1009 |
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| Created date | 2013.03.08 |
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| Modified date | 2020.04.09 |
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