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安世高譯經造詞述要 — 以《陰持入經》“色”字造詞為中心=A Summary of Word-creating in An Shigao’s Translation of Buddhist Scriptures—— Using the Words Containing “Se（色）”in the Yin Chi Ru Jing as an Example |
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| Author |
劉勁松
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| Source |
正觀雜誌=Satyabhisamaya: A Buddhist Studies Quarterly
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| Volume | n.85 |
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| Date | 2018.06.25 |
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| Pages | 45 - 90 |
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| Publisher | 正觀雜誌社 |
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| Publisher Url |
http://www.tt034.org.tw/
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| Location | 南投縣, 臺灣 [Nantou hsien, Taiwan] |
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| Content type | 期刊論文=Journal Article |
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| Language | 中文=Chinese |
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| Note | 1. 作者為佛光大學佛教學系博士生。 |
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| Keyword | 造詞=Word-creating; 名相翻譯=Terminology translation; 佛典漢語=Buddhist Scripture Chinese; 安世高=An Shigao; 色義=Se |
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| Abstract | 《陰持入經》包含名相近四百個，均為安世高首創。安世高譯經時使用何種方式創造了這些新詞，本文以該經所採的譯詞“色”及包含此語素的佛教名相為例，通過歷時性的詞義比較、並與該經內容相近的Peṭakopadesa 的第六章對勘，根據前賢的研究，以考察仿譯法為核心，總結了安世高所用的造詞法，就佛典漢語造詞法的劃分標準、種類及造詞體系提出了新的觀點。同時，對譯者所採造詞策略的主、客觀原因作出分析，初步探討安世高的譯經造詞對佛典漢譯及漢語造詞的影響。
Taking “色(Se)” and the words containing “色(Se)” in Yin Chi Ru Jing as an example, adopting the way comparing the
changes of the word’s meaning historically and the way comparing Yin Chi Ru Jing with the chapter 6 of Peṭakopadesa, on the basis of previous studies, from the examination of loan translation, the paper carried out the researches on the word-creating ways and strategies used by An Shigao and related aspects, puts forward some new viewpoints. Its academic contributions can be summarized as followings:(1) Through lexical analysis, the paper presents and discusses the five factors of loan translation: lexical structure, morpheme number, morpheme meaning, morpheme order, morpheme relation. (2) The paper discusses the word-creating system in the Chinese translation of Buddhist scriptures, finds two new methods of word-creating which is named semantic assignment(賦義) and inherit(承繼)used by An Shigao. From the view of translation (transverse), word-creating methods can be divided into loan translation and free translation(narrow sense). From the view of the development of word meaning(longitudinal), word-creating methods can be divided into perfusion( 灌 注 ), semantic assignment(賦義) and inherit(承繼).
(3) From the quantitative analysis, it can be concluded that An Shigao adopted a word-creating strategy taking loan translation and inherit( 承 繼 )primarily, and taking other methods secondarily.Basing on it, the paper analyzes the subjective and objective causes which An Shigao adopted the strategy, and discusses the influences exerted by word-creating methods used by An Shigao to the Chinese translation of Buddhist scriptures and the development of Chinese language.The word-creating in An Shigao’s translation of Buddhist scriptures, contains the factors of translation and the factors of word-creating. Not only does it contain semantics, but also thought.Not only is It the topic that the history of Chinese language concerns, but also the topic that the history of translation and the history of Buddhist thought concerns. |
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| Table of contents | 提要 45
前言 46
一、 後漢前的“色”義及相關特徵 52
（一）後漢前的“色”義 53
（1） 色彩 53
（2）女人 53
（3） 臉色；表情 53
（4） 形色 54
（5）氣；兆氣；氣之華 54
（6）其他 54
（二）三種“色”義特徵的概括 55
二、《陰持入經》中“色”之用法、詞義分析 55
（一）《陰持入經》中“色”的幾種用法 55
1. 作為語素使用——與其他語素共同構成佛教名相（新詞）55
（1）偏正關係 56
（2）並列關係 57
2. 單獨使用 57
（二）“色”作為語素的諸種含義 58
三、漢、巴對勘研究——仿譯及意譯（狹義） 59
（一）列舉漢、巴對勘句 60
（二）漢、巴詞彙對勘 69
（三）仿譯的內容與程度 75
四、詞義之變——灌注、賦義及承繼 76
（一）“灌注”法造詞 76
1. 對原有詞灌注得義——“色”義之變 76
2. 對原有的詞組灌注得義——“顏色”新義 77
（二）“賦義”法造詞 77
（1）詞形是譯者創造的新形 77
（2）意義是通過再定義賦予的 78
（三）“承繼”法造詞 78
（1）語素義和語素關係的承繼 78
（2）經文的文義與語境的承繼 78
五、使用造詞策略的原因及其對漢語造詞的影響 79
（一）譯者採用前述造詞策略的原因 79
（二）安世高造詞的影響 82
1. 對佛典漢譯 82
2. 對漢語語言 83
（1）發展了漢語的構詞形式 83
（2）豐富了漢語的造詞法 83
（3）增廣了漢語詞彙的語義 84
六、總結 84
主要參考文獻 85
藏經 87
工具書 88
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| ISSN | 16099575 (P) |
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| Hits | 805 |
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| Created date | 2018.11.01 |
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| Modified date | 2018.11.15 |
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