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香室考 -- 以漢譯「根有部律」和佛教遺址考古材料為中心=A study of 'gandhakuṭī' (perfume chamber): based on the Chinese Mūlasarvāstivāda-vinaya and archaeological remains of ancient Indian Buddhist sites |
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屈大成 (著)=Wut, Tai-shing (au.)
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| Source |
圓光佛學學報=Yuan Kuang Journal of Buddhist Studies
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| Volume | n.34 |
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| Date | 2019.12 |
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| Pages | 1 - 63 |
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| Publisher | 圓光佛學研究所=Yuan Kuang Buddhist College |
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| Publisher Url |
http://www.ykbi.edu.tw/
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| Location | 桃園縣, 臺灣 [Taoyuean hsien, Taiwan] |
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| Content type | 期刊論文=Journal Article |
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| Language | 中文=Chinese |
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| Note | 作者單位：香港城市大學中文及歷史學系 |
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| Keyword | 香室=gandhakuṭī; 根有部律=Mūlasarvāstivāda-vinaya; 佛=Buddha; 石窟寺=rock-cut monasteries; 銘文=inscription |
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| Abstract | 「香室」是寺院中佛的專屬房，跟塔、支提一樣，象徵佛仍住世，有統攝僧團、凝聚信眾的功能。佛典雖無專著論及佛教建築，但律藏談到戒規律制時，不免涉及寺院某些建築或設施。在漢譯各部派律藏中，唯「根有部律」屢提到「香室」，其他要數巴利語《本生經》和三藏注釋書、梵語《天譬喻》等，才有相關記載。此外，古印度佛教建築和石窟寺遺址的布局和銘文，都有可跟文獻記載相印證者。西方學界百年前已有專文論述「香室」，惜未用到漢譯材料，而漢語學界關注者更少。本文以漢譯「根有部律」為基本材料，配合其他文獻記載、考古發現，考究「香室」的意義和內涵，期望能增進對古印度寺院配置、相關律制，以及僧團生活的了解，亦補漢語佛學界的空白。
'Gandhakuṭī' (perfume chamber) refers to a special house for Buddha in monastery. Like stūpa and caitya, 'gandhakuṭī' is a symbol of Buddha still in the world and has the functions of governing monastic community and uniting believers. Although in Buddhist canon there have been no relevant treatises on Buddhist buildings, some architectures or facilities in monastery are unavoidable topics when precepts and discipline are mentioned in Vinaya. Among Chinese translations of Vinaya from various schools, only Mūlasarvāstivāda-vinaya mentions 'gandhakuṭī' several times, and relevant records are also found in Jātaka, Pāli Aṭṭhakathās, Divyāvadāna, etc. Besides, the layouts and inscriptions of the ruins of ancient Indian Buddhist buildings and rock-cut monasteries corroborate the records in literature. There have been articles on
'gandhakuṭī' in the western academic circles a hundred years ago, but unfortunately, Chinese materials have not been cited, and less scholars have paid attention to it in Chinese academic circles. With the Chinese Mūlasarvāstivāda-vinaya as the basic material, this paper considers other literature and archeological discoveries and explores the meanings and connotations of 'gandhakuṭī', hoping to enhance the understanding of ancient Indian monastery configuration and relevant discipline as well as the life of monks and to fill in gaps in the academic circles of Chinese Buddhism. |
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| Table of contents | 一、香室在「根有部律」中的重要性 8
二、香室的名義 10
三、香室的規模和位置 16
四、有關「香室」的儀軌 18
五、香室與影像 21
六、有關「香室」的考古材料 23
(一) 住處與佛的象徵分立者 24
1. 平地或山丘上的寺院 25
2. 石窟寺 26
(二) 住處含佛象徵物者 29
甲、住處置塔者 29
1. 平地或山丘上的寺院 29
2. 石窟寺 30
乙、住處置佛像者 32
1. 平地或山丘上的寺院 32
2. 石窟寺 34
(三) 銘文 35
七、結語 40 |
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| ISSN | 16086848 (P) |
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| Hits | 498 |
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| Created date | 2020.02.05 |
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| Modified date | 2020.02.05 |
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