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有效利他主義:21世紀倫理學=Effective Altruism: Ethics for the 21st Century
Author Singer, Peter A. ; 張瓈文 (譯)=Chang, Doris Li-wen (tr.)
Source 玄奘佛學研究=Hsuan Chuang Journal of Buddhism Studies
Volumen.28
Date2017.09
Pages1 - 18
Publisher玄奘大學
Publisher Url http://ird.hcu.edu.tw/front/bin/home.phtml
Location新竹市, 臺灣 [Hsinchu shih, Taiwan]
Content type期刊論文=Journal Article
Language中文=Chinese
Note1.作者為美國普林斯頓大學人性價值研究中心生物倫理學教授、澳大利亞墨爾本大學歷史哲學研究學院榮譽教授。。
2.譯者為輔仁大學英國語文學系專任副教授。

本文根據辛格於「2016利他主義與菩薩思想」國際會議發表的主題演說中譯。段落標題、圖例、原文引文、引用資料取自其現場簡報,註釋與參考書目部份則為譯者根據簡報所加。
Keyword有效利他主義=Effective altruism; 效益主義=Utilitarianism; 極大化=maximize; 理性=rationality
Abstract 有效利他主義(Effective Altruism)於 21 世紀初萌芽,目前已經形成一種新趨勢。對有效利他主義者而言,一個很重要的目標就是改善這個世界,而且做到愈有效率愈好。這意味著:他們會透過理性分析,衡量狀況,確保手中的資源能夠發揮最大的效益,以達到利他、改善世界的目的。如此一來便衍生了許多相關問題。例如,隱含在「改善世界」這一理念背後的價值判斷是什麼?我們如何衡量何者在改善世界上能達到最大的效益?本文將討論上述問題,並探討啟發人成為有效利他主義者之動機。

Effective altruism is a new movement, born in the 21st Century. For effective altruists, an important goal is to make the world a better place. They want to do so as effectively as possible. That means that they will reason and analyze the situation to ensure that whatever resources they have for this purpose will be used as effectively as possible. This raises many questions, about the values that are implicit in the idea of "improving the world" and about how we measure what does the most to improve the world. I will discuss these questions and the motivation that leads people to become effective altruists.
Table of contents一、有效利他主義的價值特色:何者算是「改善世界」 3
二、合乎倫理的生活方式 7
三、選擇目的 9
四、「有效性」:「有效性」為何重要?如何評估「有效性」 12
五、動機:引領人成為有效利他主義者之動力 13
ISSN18133649 (P)
Hits200
Created date2020.03.16
Modified date2020.03.18



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