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論自然權利與法定權利概念下的「宗教自由」="Religious Liberty": On the Concept of Natural Rights and Legal Rights |
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釋昭慧 (著)
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| Source |
思與言：人文與社會科學雜誌=Thought and Words:Journal of the Humanities and Social Science
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| Volume | v.50 n.1 |
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| Date | 2012.03 |
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| Pages | 235 - 251 |
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| Publisher | 思與言雜誌社 |
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| Publisher Url |
http://taw1963.blogspot.tw/p/blog-page_12.html
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| Location | 臺北市, 臺灣 [Taipei shih, Taiwan] |
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| Content type | 期刊論文=Journal Article |
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| Language | 中文=Chinese |
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| Note | 作者單位：玄奘大學宗教學系教授兼文理學院院長 Dean, Faculty of Arts and Science, University of Hsuan Chuang |
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| Keyword | 社會契約論=the theory of Social Contract; 自然法則=natural law; 自然權利=natural rights; 法定權利=legal rights; 自由原則=the Principle of Liberty |
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| Abstract | 本文依各種政治哲學中，可以將人民自由，作最大化考量的「自然權利」與社會契約論，來回應部分佛教人士的質疑：「宗教立法將干涉宗教自由」。「宗教自由」既是一種自然權利，也是一種法定權利。但兩者不在同一層次－－前者是與生俱來且永不可被剝奪的，後者既受到法律的保障，同時基於外部條件與內在因素的考量，會受到了法律的規範。將「宗教立法」視同「干涉宗教自由」，是將「宗教自由」之自然權利等同於法定權利，而將「天賦人權」與「社會契約」的雙層次論述，放在同一層次以等量齊觀。依於生命倫理學體系的「原則主義」，歸納出四個普世性的道德原則：自律原則、不傷害原則、仁愛原則與公正原則，「宗教自由」的法律概念，不妨依此四大原則而作檢核。宗教立法並不必然牴觸宗教自由。宗教立法是否涉及「干涉宗教自由」，端視它有否依於人們信仰自由的「自然權利」，而保障人們在這方面的「法定權利」。倘若立法得宜，它才真正能落實人們信仰自由的「法定權利」，且將建構一套讓宗教與社會友善互動且相互尊重的遊戲規則，從而維護最大化的「宗教自由」。
This article utlizes the theories of ”natural rights” and ”Social Contract”, a political philosophy that maximizes people's liberties, to respond to criticisms from Buddhist clerics that religious legislation will interfere with religious freedom.Since religious freedom is a kind of natural right, it is also a kind of legal right. But the two rights are not equivalent - the former is an inherent right and can never be removed, while the latter safeguards people with legal protection, However, at the same time people must operate within the limits of that legislation.To regard religious legislation as interfering with religious freedom, is to confuse the natural right of religious freedom with the legal right of religious freedom, as well as to equate natural rights and social contracts.Therefore, religious legislation is not guaranteed to conflict with religious freedom. If the religious legislation is properly written, it will actually protect people's legal right to religious freedom, and it will construct suitable regulations to promote friendly interaction between religious people and secular people, so as to maintain maximum religious freedom. |
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| Table of contents | 壹、前言 236
貳、「宗教」與「自由」之定義與內涵 237
一、「宗教」之定義與內涵 237
二、「自由」之定義與內涵 239
參、論「宗教自由」之種類與範疇 241
一、「宗教自由」之種類：自然權利與法定權利 241
二、宗教之法定權利：宗教與社會的互動規範 244
肆、結論 248
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| ISSN | 02588412 (P); 02588412 (E) |
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| DOI | 10.6431/TWJHSS.201204.0235 |
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| Hits | 198 |
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| Created date | 2020.11.24 |
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| Modified date | 2023.09.19 |
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