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西黃寺「班禪塔」形制探源 - 印度摩訶菩提寺建築的考古及傳播
Author 張文玲 (著)
Source 故宮文物月刊=National Palace Museum Monthly of Chinese Art
Volumen.11 (總號=n.452)
Date2020.11
Pages18 - 35
Publisher國立故宮博物院
Publisher Url https://www.npm.gov.tw/
Location臺北市, 臺灣 [Taipei shih, Taiwan]
Content type期刊論文=Journal Article
Language中文=Chinese
Abstract六世班禪額爾德尼・羅桑巴丹益希(blo-bzang-dpal-ldan-ye-shes, 1738-1780)於乾隆四十四年(1779)六月自後藏日喀則扎什倫布寺啟程,隔年(1780)七月抵達熱河避暑山莊,慶賀高宗七十壽辰。後至北京講經傳戒,駐錫西黃寺。兩個月後,乾隆四十五年十一月初二日,因病於西黃寺圓寂。乾隆派人造清淨化城塔,俗稱班禪塔,作為六世班禪大師的衣冠塔。雖然清淨化城塔的主塔造型為藏式佛塔,整個建築群中的紋飾與造像多為漢地佛教的造型風格,然而其總體結構則是源自印度菩提伽耶的摩訶菩(Mahābodhi)寺,此形制在中國大多被稱為「金剛寶座塔」。本文擬依據十九世紀末的考古發掘、緬文銘刻、《大唐西域記》,並比對敦煌莫高窟北周 428 窟西壁所繪五塔,以及緬甸蒲甘王朝 Kyanzittha 王所建的阿難陀(Ānanda)寺,以理解印度摩訶菩提寺建築造型的意涵、沿革與傳播,並試探乾隆仿此形制來興建「班禪塔」的宗教考量。
Table of contents西黃寺的歷史背景與變革 19
清淨化城塔—班禪塔的布局與結構 19
印度菩提伽耶摩訶菩提寺的考古發現 23
摩訶菩提寺的建築風格與年代 26
摩訶菩提寺建築形制的傳播與演變 32
(一)南傳之例—緬甸蒲甘佛寺 32
(二)北傳之例 32



ISSN10119078 (P)
Hits217
Created date2022.03.18



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