Gāthā Sentence Translation Sentence Structure
Vocabulary&Grammar Commentary Pronunciation
                          List of Abbreviations

n'eva devo na gandhabbo na māro saha brahmunā

jitaṃ apajitaṃ kayirā tathārūpassa jantuno

(DhP 105)




Sentence Translation:

[continued from DhP 104]
not a god, not a Gandharva, not Mara with Brahma,
can turn into defeat the victory of a person of such form.




Sentence Structure:
List of Abbreviations

na    eva   devo     na gandhabbo na    māro   saha brahmunā
|         |         |         |          |          |         |         |          |
neg. part.   N.m.   neg.   N.m.    neg.   N.m.   conj.   N.m.
|_____|    Nom.Sg.  |    Nom.Sg.    |   Nom.Sg.   |      Ins.Sg.
     |_______|          |_____|           |_____|          |_____|
           |                      |                     |___________|
           |____________|_________________|
                                              |_____________________________________________

List of Abbreviations

jitaṃ    apajitaṃ   kayirā  tathā+rūpassa  jantuno
|                 |            |          |          |             |
N.n.        N.n.     V.act.   Adv.   Adj.m.    N.m.
Acc.Sg. Acc.Sg. 3.Sg.opt.   |      Gen.Sg. Gen.Sg.
I.*__|         |            |          |______|            |
      |           |            |               |__________|
      |______|_______|_____________|
           |___|             |
              |_________|
____________|

*: I. continued from DhP 104.




Vocabulary and Grammar:
List of Abbreviations

na, neg.: not.

eva, part.: just.
Euphonic combination na + eva = n'eva.

devo: deva-, N.m.: god. Nom.Sg. = devo.

na: see above.

gandhabbo: gandhabba-, N.m.: Gandharva, heavenly musician, a class of gods.
Nom.Sg. = gandhabbo.

na: see above.

māro: māra-, N.m.: Mara, personified death, the Evil One, devil. Nom.Sg. = māro.

saha, conj.: with.

List of Abbreviations

brahmunā: brahman-, N.m.: the god Brahma. Ins.Sg. = brahmunā.

jitaṃ: jita-, Adj.: conquered. It is a p.p. of the verb root ji- (to conquer, to win). As an N.n.: victory. Acc.Sg. = jitaṃ.

apajitaṃ: apajita-, Adj.: defeated. It is the word jita- (see above) with the prefix apa- (away). As an N.n.: defeat. Acc.Sg. = apajitaṃ.

kayirā, V.: would do. The verb is root kar- (to do). 3.Sg.act.opt. = kayirā.

tathārūpassa: tathārūpa-, Adj.: such, of such form. It is a compound of:
    tathā-, Adv. thus, in such way.
    rūpa-, N.n.: form, appearance, figure.
Gen.Sg.m. = tathārūpassa.

jantuno: jantu-, N.m.: being, person, man. Gen.Sg. = jantuno.

List of Abbreviations

    The object of this verse consists of four words. They are: devo (god, nominative singular), gandhabbo (Gandharva, nominative singular), māro (Mara, nominative singular) and brahmunā ([with] Brahma, instrumental singular). They are negated by multiple negative particles na (not). The last of them, brahmunā, is connected to the previous ones by the conjunction saha (with).
    The object is the adjective/noun jitaṃ (victory, accusative singular). It has several attributes. One of them is the adjective/noun apajitaṃ (defeat, accusative singular). Another is the noun jantuno (of a person, genitive singular) with its own attribute, the adjective tathārūpassa (of such a form, genitive singular). The last set of attributes comes from the previous verse (see DhP 104). The verb is kayirā (can do, 3rd person, singular, active, optative).




Commentary:

    The story for this verse is identical to the one for the previous verse (see DhP 104).
    The final victory in the highest battle with the mind is the attainment of Arahantship. When we achieve this victory, nothing in the world can "undo" it. Nobody can defeat us any more. No gods, not even Mara, the Evil One can do anything. We reach the deliverance and are free from the cycle of rebirth, from suffering and pain.




Sentence pronunciation:

Sentence pronunciation

Word pronunciation:

na
eva
devo
gandhabbo
māro
saha
brahmunā
jitaṃ
apajitaṃ
kayirā
tathārūpassa
tathā
rūpassa
jantuno