Gāthā Sentence Translation Sentence Structure
Vocabulary&Grammar Commentary Pronunciation
                          List of Abbreviations

sukhakāmāni bhūtāni yo daṇḍena na vihiṃsati

attano sukham esāno pecca so labhate sukhaṃ

(DhP 132)




Sentence Translation:

Who does not hurt with a stick beings that desire happiness,
searching for happiness himself, he will reach happiness after death.




Sentence Structure:
List of Abbreviations

sukha+kāmāni  bhūtāni       yo       daṇḍena  na  vihiṃsati
|               |            |              |              |         |          |
N.n.     Adj.n.     N.n.   Rel.Pron.m.  N.m.   neg.  V.act.in.
|          Acc.Pl.  Acc.Pl.    Nom.Sg.   Ins.Sg.   |     3.Sg.pres.
|_________|           |              |              |        |______|
        |___________|              |              |________|
                 |______________|____________|
                              |            |_________________________________________I.
                              |_____________________|
                                                |______________________________________II.

List of Abbreviations

attano   sukham   esāno  pecca      so        labhate   sukhaṃ
|                 |            |          |           |               |             |
N.m.       N.n.     Adj.m. V.ger.  Pron.m.  V.med.in.   N.n.
Gen.sg. Acc.Sg. Nom.Sg.    |      Nom.Sg. 3.Sg.pres. Acc.Sg.
|__________|           |          |           |               |________|
          |___________|          |______|_____________|
I.__________|                                |_____|
II.______________________________|




Vocabulary and Grammar:
List of Abbreviations

sukhakāmāni: sukhakāma-, Adj.: desiring happiness. It is a compound of:
    sukha-, N.n.: happiness.
    kāma-, N.m.: wish, desire.
Acc.Pl.n. = sukhakāmāni.

bhūtāni: bhūta-, N.n.: being, creature. Acc.Pl. = bhūtāni.

yo: yad-, Rel.Pron.: that which. Nom.Sg.m. = yo.

daṇḍena: daṇḍa-, N.m.: stick, club, punishment. Ins.Sg. = daṇḍena.

na, neg.: not.

vihiṃsati, V.: hurts. The verb root is hiṃs- (to hurt) with the prefix vi- (intensifying sense). 3.Sg.act.in.pres. = vihiṃsati.

List of Abbreviations

attano: attan-, N.m./Pron.: self, oneself. Gen.Sg. = attano.

sukham: sukha-, N.n.: happiness. Acc.Sg. = sukham.

esāno: asana-, Adj.: searching, striving for. It is an med.pr.p. of the verb esati (to search, to strive for). The verb root is is- (to wish) with the prefix ā- (towards). Nom.Sg.m. = esāno.

pecca, V.ger.: after death. It is a ger. of the verb i- (to go) with the prefix pa- (directional prefix of forward motion). This verb means literally "to go over", it is used as an euphemism for "to die".

so: tad-, Pron.n.: it. Nom.Sg.m. = so.

labhate, V.: obtains, gets. The verb root is labh-. 3.Sg.med.in.pres. = labhate.

sukhaṃ: see above (sukham).

List of Abbreviations

    This verse consists of two connected sentences. They are:
    1) sukhakāmāni bhūtāni yo daṇḍena na vihiṃsati attano sukham esāno (who does not hurt with a stick beings that desire happiness, searching for happiness himself). The subject is the relative pronoun yo (who, nominative singular). It has an attribute, the medium present participle esāno (searching, nominative singular). This word has its own attribute, the noun sukham (happiness, accusative singular) with the noun/pronoun attano (one's own, genitive singular) as an attribute. The noun is vihiṃsati (hurts, 3rd person, singular, active, indicative, present tense). It is negated by the negative particle na (not). The verb has an attribute, the noun daṇḍena (with a stick, instrumental singular). The object is the noun bhūtāni (beings, accusative plural) with its attribute, the compound sukhakāmāni (desiring happiness, accusative plural).
    2) pecca so labhate sukhaṃ (he will reach happiness after death). The subject is the personal pronoun so (he, nominative singular). The verb is labhate (obtains, reaches, 3rd person, singular, active, indicative, present tense). It has an attribute, the gerund pecca (having gone over, after death). The object is the noun sukhaṃ (happiness, accusative singular).




Commentary:

    The story for this verse is identical with that to the previous one (DhP 131).
    To abstain from violence is one of the basic principles of the Buddha's teaching. Especially in the case of the young men hurting the snake it can be seen that to hurt somebody first to stop him from hurting me is not a good idea.
    We should practice the universal loving kindness, known as mettā and try to radiate it to all the directions. When faced with danger, we should radiate this mettā towards the being that intends or might intend to hurt us.




Sentence pronunciation:

Sentence pronunciation

Word pronunciation:

sukhakāmāni
sukha
kāmāni
bhūtāni
yo
daṇḍena
na
vihiṃsati
attano
sukham
esāno
pecca
so
labhate