Gāthā Sentence Translation Sentence Structure
Vocabulary&Grammar Commentary Pronunciation
                          List of Abbreviations

attanā hi kataṃ pāpaṃ attajaṃ attasambhavaṃ

abhimatthati dummedhaṃ vajiraṃ v'asmamayaṃ maṇiṃ

(DhP 161)




Sentence Translation:

The evil is done by oneself, proceeding from oneself, originating from oneself.
It crushes the fool, just like a diamond crushes a hard gem.




Sentence Structure:
List of Abbreviations

attanā   hi    kataṃ     pāpaṃ  atta+jaṃ        atta+sambhavaṃ
|            |         |              |          |       |            |           |
N.m.   part.  Adj.n.      N.n.    N.m. Adj.n.   N.m.   Adj.n.
Ins.Sg.   |    Nom.Sg. Nom.Sg.   |    Nom.Sg.   |     Nom.Sg.
|             |         |             |          |____|            |______|
|_______|_____|             |              |                      |
     |____|                       |              |                      |
         |_______________|________|____________|

List of Abbreviations

abhimatthati dummedhaṃ vajiraṃ    va  asma+mayaṃ maṇiṃ
|                          |                 |          |       |          |           |
V.act.in.          Adj.m.         N.n.    part. N.n.  Adj.m.    N.m.
3.Sg.pres.       Acc.Sg.      Nom.Sg.   |       |     Acc.Sg.  Acc.Sg.
|______________|                  |         |        |______|          |
            |                                |         |             |_________|
            |                                |_____|____________|
            |                                          |_____|
            |__________________________|




Vocabulary and Grammar:
List of Abbreviations

attanā: attan-, N.m.: self. Ins.Sg. = attanā.

hi, part.: indeed.

kataṃ: kata-, Adj.: done. It is a p.p. of the verb kar- (to do). Nom.Sg.n. = kataṃ.

pāpaṃ: pāpa-, Adj.: evil, wrong. As an N.n.: evil, wrong doing. Nom.Sg. = pāpaṃ.

attajaṃ: attaja-, Adj.: proceeding from oneself, born from oneself. It is a compound of:
    atta-, N.m.: it is the compound form of the word attan-, N.m.: see above.
    -ja-, Adj.suf.: born, proceeding. It is derived from the verb root jan- (to give birth, to produce).
Nom.Sg.n. = attajaṃ.

attasambhavaṃ: attasambhava-, Adj.: originating from oneself. It is a compound of:
    atta-, N.m.: it is the compound form of the word attan-, N.m.: see above.
    sambhava-, N.m.: origin, production. It is derived from the verb root bhū- (to be) with the prefix sam- (together).
Nom.Sg.n. = attasambhavaṃ.

List of Abbreviations

abhimatthati, V.: crushes, destroys. The verb root is math- (to upset, crush) with the prefix abhi- (over). 3.Sg.act.in.pres. = abhimatthati.

dummedhaṃ: dummedha-, Adj.: stupid. Derived from the word medhā-, N.f.: wisdom, intelligence, by adding the prefix du- (lacking something, away from). The double m is due to the euphonic combination (du- + medha- = dummedha-). Acc.Sg.m. = dummedhaṃ.

vajiraṃ: vajira-, N.n.: diamond. Nom.Sg. = vajiraṃ.

va, part.: as, like. 156

asmamayaṃ: asmamaya-, Adj.: made of stone, hard. It is a compound of:
    asman-, N.n.: stone. The compound form: asma-.
    maya-, adj.: made of, created by, consisting of, produced by.
Acc.Sg.m. = asmamayaṃ.
Euphonic combination: va + asmamayaṃ = v'asmamayaṃ.

maṇiṃ: maṇi-, N.m.: gem, crystal. Acc.Sg. = maṇiṃ.

List of Abbreviations

    This verse consists of two syntactically separate sentences. They are:
    1) attanā hi kataṃ pāpaṃ attajaṃ attasambhavaṃ (the evil is done by oneself, proceeding from oneself, originating from oneself). The subject is the noun pāpaṃ (evil, nominative singular). It has three attributes, the adjectives attajaṃ (proceeding from oneself, nominative singular) and attasambhavaṃ (originating from oneself, nominative singular). The third attribute is the past participle kataṃ (done, nominative singular) with the noun attanā (by oneself, instrumental singular) as an attribute. The particle hi (indeed) serves mainly form metrical purposes. The verb is omitted, implying the verb "to be".
    2) abhimatthati dummedhaṃ vajiraṃ v'asmamayaṃ maṇiṃ ([it] crushes the fool, just like a diamond [crushes] a hard gem). The subject is omitted; the word pāpaṃ (evil) from the previous sentence is implied. The verb is abhimatthati (crushes, 3rd person, singular, active, indicative, present tense). The object is the adjective dummedhaṃ (foolish one, accusative singular). There is a clause in this sentence, vajiraṃ v'asmamayaṃ maṇiṃ (just like a diamond [crushes] a hard gem). Here, the subject is the noun vajiraṃ (diamond, nominative singular). The verb is omitted; implying the verb abhimatthati from the main sentence. The object is the noun maṇiṃ (gem, accusative singular) with its attribute, the adjective compound asmamayaṃ ("stone-made", hard; accusative singular). The particle va (like, as) connects the clause to the main sentence.




Commentary:

    There was a lay disciple named Mahākāla. Once he spent the night in the monastery, observing the eight precepts and meditating. In the morning, on his way home, he stopped by a pond to wash his face. On the same night some thieves broke into a house and were chased by the owners. The thieves dropped their stolen things in front of Mahākāla and ran away. The owners mistook Mahākāla for a thief and beat him up. Mahākāla died of his injuries. Some monks discovered his body and reported the matter to the Buddha.
    The Buddha explained, that in one of his previous lives, Mahākāla fell in love with a certain woman and had beaten her husband to death. He then added this verse, saying that one's own evil deeds surely come back to their doer and fall back on his head.




Sentence pronunciation:

Sentence pronunciation

Word pronunciation:

attanā
hi
kataṃ
pāpaṃ
attajaṃ
atta
jaṃ
attasambhavaṃ
sambhavaṃ
abhimatthati
dummedhaṃ
vajiraṃ
va
asmamayaṃ
asma
mayaṃ
maṇiṃ