Gāthā Sentence Translation Sentence Structure
Vocabulary&Grammar Commentary Pronunciation
                          List of Abbreviations

susukhaṃ vata jīvāma ussukesu anussukā

ussukesu manussesu viharāma anussukā

(DhP 199)




Sentence Translation:

Very happily indeed we live, without greed amongst greedy ones.
Amongst greedy people we dwell without greed.




Sentence Structure:
List of Abbreviations

susukhaṃ vata   jīvāma  ussukesu anussukā
|                  |           |            |            |
Adv.         part.  V.act.in.  Adj.m.  Adj.m.
|__________|     1.Pl.pres. Loc.Pl. Nom.Pl.
         |___________|             |            |
                   |_____________|            |
                                |_____________|

List of Abbreviations

ussukesu manussesu viharāma anussukā
|                   |                |             |
Adj.m.      N.m.      V.act.in.    Adj.m.
Loc.Pl.    Loc.Pl.    1.Pl.pres.  Nom.Pl.
|___________|               |              |
          |______________|              |
                       |_______________|




Vocabulary and Grammar:
List of Abbreviations

susukhaṃ, Adv.: very happily. It is derived from the word sukha-, Adj.: happy, with the prefix su- (well, good).

vata, part.: indeed, certainly.

jīvāma, V.: (we) live. The verb root is jīv-. 1.Pl.act.in.pres. = jīvāma.

ussukesu: ussuka-, Adj.: greedy, longing for something. Loc.Pl.m. = ussukesu.

List of Abbreviations

anussukā: anussuka-, Adj.: without greed. It is the word ussuka- (see above) with the negative prefix an-. Nom.Pl.m. = anussukā.

ussukesu: see above.

manussesu: manussa-, N.m.: human, person, man. Loc.Pl. = manussesu.

viharāma, V.: (we) stay, dwell, live. The verb root is har- (to carry) with the prefix vi- (denoting separation). Thus viharati, V.: to live, to stay, to dwell. 1.Pl.act.in.pres. = viharāma.

anussukā: see above.

List of Abbreviations

    This verse consists of two syntactically separate sentences. They are:
    1) susukhaṃ vata jīvāma ussukesu anussukā (very happily indeed we live, without greed amongst greedy ones). The subject is the adjective anussukā (without greed, nominative plural). The verb is jīvāma (we live, 1st person, plural, active, indicative, present tense). It has two attributes, the adverb susukhaṃ (very happily) and the adjective ussukesu (amongst greedy ones, locative plural). The particle vata (indeed) serves mainly for metrical purposes.
    2) ussukesu manussesu viharāma anussukā (amongst greedy people we dwell without greed). The subject is the adjective anussukā (without greed, nominative plural). The verb is viharāma (we dwell, 1st person, plural, active, indicative, present tense). It has an attribute, the noun manussesu (amongst people, locative plural). This word has itself an attribute, the adjective ussukesu (amongst greedy ones, locative plural).




Commentary:

    The story for this verse is identical with the story for the two previous verses (DhP 197, DhP 198).




Sentence pronunciation:

Sentence pronunciation

Word pronunciation:

susukhaṃ
vata
jīvāma
ussukesu
anussukā
manussesu
viharāma