Therefore, do not hold anything dear; separation from the dear ones is bad.
There are no bonds for those, for whom there is nothing dear or unloved.

tasmā    piyaṃ  na   kayirātha piya+apāyo    hi    pāpako
|                |        |          |          |         |          |         |
Pron.     Adj.n. neg.  V.med.  Adj.   N.m.    part. Adj.m.
Abl.Sg. Acc.Sg.   |    3.Sg.opt.   |    Nom.Sg.   |    Nom.Sg.
|                |         |_____|          |_____|          |         |
|                |________|                   |________|_____|
|_____________|

List of Abbreviations

ganthā    tesaṃ   na     vijjanti    yesaṃ     na       atthi     piya+appiyaṃ
|                 |        |           |             |           |           |           |          |
N.m.       Pron.  neg.  V.pas.in. Rel.Pron. neg.  V.act.in.  Adj.   Adj.n.
Nom.Pl. Gen.Pl.  |     3.Pl.pres.  Gen.Pl.     |    3.Sg.pres.    |    Nom.Sg.
|                 |        |______|              |           |______|           |______|
|                 |________|                   |__________|                     |
|______________|                                   |_________________|
            |____________________________________|

tasmā: tad-, Pron.: that. Abl.Sg. = tasmā (therefore, lit. "from that").

piyaṃ: piya-, Adj.: dear, beloved, pleasant. Acc.Sg.n. = piyaṃ.

na, neg.: not.

kayirātha, V.: should do. The verb root is kar- (to do). 3.Sg.med.opt. = kayirātha.

piyāpāyo: piyāpāya-, N.m.: separation from the dear ones. It is a compound of:
    piya-, Adj.: dear, beloved, pleasant.
    apāya-, N.m.: separation, loss. It is derived from the verb i-, to go, preceded by the prefix apa- (away from).
Euphonic combination: piya- + apāya- = piyāpāya-.
Nom.Sg. = piyāpāyo.

List of Abbreviations

hi, part.: indeed.

pāpako: pāpaka-, Adj.: evil, bad. It is the word pāpa-, N.n.: evil, wrong doing with the adjective suffix -ka. Nom.Sg.m. = pāpako.

ganthā: gantha-, N.m.: tie, bond. There are four ties: covetousness (avijjā), ill-will (byāpāda), attachment to rules and rituals (sīlabbataparamāsa) and dogmatic fanaticism (idamsaccābhinivesa). Nom.Pl. = ganthā.

tesaṃ: tad-, Pron.: that. Gen.Pl.m. = tesaṃ.

na, neg.: not.

List of Abbreviations

vijjanti, V.: exist, are found. The verb root is vid- (to find). 3.Pl.pas.in.pres. = vijjanti.

yesaṃ: yat-, Rel.Pron.: that, which. Gen.Pl.m. = yesaṃ.

na, neg.: not.

atthi, V.: is. The verb root is as- (to be). 3.Sg.act.in.pres. = atthi.
Euphonic combination: na + atthi = natthi.

piyāppiyaṃ: piyāppiya-, Adj.: dear or unloved. It is a compound of:
    piya-, Adj.: see above.
    appiya-, Adj.: unpleasant, not agreeable. It is the word piya- (see above) negated by the negative prefix a-. Euphonic combination: a- + piya- = appiya-.
Euphonic combination: piya- + appiya- = piyāppiya-.
Nom.Sg.n. = piyāppiyaṃ.

List of Abbreviations

    This verse consists of three syntactically separate sentences. They are:
    1) tasmā piyaṃ na kayirātha (therefore, do not hold anything dear, lit.: "do not do dear"). The subject is omitted; the verb implies the third person singular pronoun. The verb is kayirātha (one should do, 3^rd person, singular, medium, optative). It is negated by the negative particle na (not). The object is the adjective piyaṃ (dear, accusative singular). The sentence is introduced by the pronoun tasmā (therefore, "from that", ablative singular).
    2) piyāpāyo hi pāpako (separation from the dear ones is bad). The subject is the compound piyāpāyo (separation from the dear ones, nominative singular). The verb is omitted, implying the verb "to be". The object is the adjective pāpako (bad, nominative singular). The particle hi (indeed) serves mainly for metrical purposes.
    3) ganthā tesaṃ na vijjanti yesaṃ natthi piyāppiyaṃ (there are no bonds for those, for whom there is nothing dear or unloved). This can be further analysed into two sentences:
    a) ganthā tesaṃ na vijjanti (there are no bonds for those). The subject is the noun ganthā (bonds, nominative plural). The verb is vijjanti (exist, 3^rd person, plural, passive, indicative, present tense). It is negated by the negative particle na (not). The verb has an attribute, the pronoun tesaṃ (for them, genitive plural).
    b) yesaṃ natthi piyāppiyaṃ (for whom there is nothing dear or unloved). The subject is the compound piyāppiyaṃ (dear or unloved, nominative singular). The verb is atthi (is, 3^rd person, singular, active, indicative, present tense). It is negated by the negative particle na (not). The verb has an attribute, the relative pronoun yesaṃ (for whom, genitive plural).

    The story for this verse is identical with the one for the two previous ones (DhP 209, DhP 210).
    To be separated from the ones we love is painful. Therefore we should not hold anything dear. In this way, when we do not love or hate anything or anybody, there are no bonds for us and we can reach Awakenment.

Sentence pronunciation

Word pronunciation:

tasmā
piyaṃ
na
kayirātha
piyāpāyo
piya
apāyo
hi
pāpako
ganthā
tesaṃ
vijjanti
yesaṃ
atthi
piyāppiyaṃ
appiyaṃ