Gāthā	Sentence Translation	Sentence Structure
Vocabulary&Grammar	Commentary	Pronunciation

List of Abbreviations

nidhāya daṇḍaṃ bhūtesu tasesu thāvaresu ca

yo na hanti na ghāteti tam ahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ

(DhP 405)

Sentence Translation:

Who has given up punishing of all living beings, be they trembling or firm,
who does not kill, nor causes another to kill - him do I call a Brahmin.

Sentence Structure:
List of Abbreviations

nidhāya daṇḍaṃ bhūtesu tasesu thāvaresu ca
|                 |            |          |             |        |
V.ger.      N.m.    N.m.   Adj.m. Adj.m. conj.
|            Acc.Sg. Loc.Pl. Loc.Pl. Loc.Pl.     |
|                 |            |          |_______|         |
|                 |            |                  |________|
|                 |            |_______________|
|                 |_______________|
|__________________|
                |__________________________________________________

List of Abbreviations

yo               na      hanti     na      ghāteti       tam      ahaṃ       brūmi   brāhmaṇaṃ
|                    |          |          |            |              |            |               |               |
Rel.Pron.m. neg. V.act.in. neg. V.act.caus. Pron.m.   Pron.     V.act.in.      N.m.
Nom.Sg.        |    3.Sg.pres. |     3.Sg.pres.   Acc.Sg. Nom.Sg. 1.Sg.pres.   Acc.Sg.
|                    |______|         |_______|              |             |                |              |
|                          |____________|                    |_______|_________|________|
|_____________________|                                            |       |_____|
___________|                                                              |_______|
         |_____________________________________________|

Vocabulary and Grammar:
List of Abbreviations

nidhāya, V.ger.: having laid down, having put aside. The verb root is dhā- (to put) with the prefix ni- (down).

daṇḍaṃ: daṇḍa-, N.m.: stick, club, punishment. Acc.Sg. = daṇḍaṃ.

bhūtesu: bhūta-, N.m.: living being. Originally it is a p.p. of the verb bhū- (to be). Loc.Pl. = bhūtesu.

tasesu: tasa-, Adj.: trembling, frightened. One who has not reached the Nirvana. It is derived from the verb root tas- (to shake). Loc.Pl.m. = tasesu.

thāvaresu: thāvara-, Adj.: immovable, still, firm. One who has reached the Nirvana. It is derived from the verb root ṭhā- (to stand). Loc.Pl.m. = thāvaresu.

ca, conj.: and.

yo: yad-, Rel.Pron.: that which. Nom.Sg.m. = yo.

List of Abbreviations

na, neg.: not.

hanti, V.: hurts, kills. The verb root is han-. 3.Sg.act.in.pres. = hanti.

ghāteti, V.: causes to kill. It is a causative from the root han- (to strike, to beat).
3.Sg.act.caus. = ghāteti.

tam: tad-, Pron.: it. Masculine form: so-, he. Acc.Sg. = tam (him).

ahaṃ, Pron.: I. Nom.Sg. = ahaṃ.

brūmi, V.: [I] say, proclaim. The verb root is brū-. 1.Sg.act.in.pres. = brūmi.

brāhmaṇaṃ: brāhmaṇa-, N.m.: Brahmin, a holy man. Acc.Sg. = brāhmaṇaṃ.

List of Abbreviations

    This verse consists of two related sentences:
    1) nidhāya daṇḍaṃ bhūtesu tasesu thāvaresu ca yo na hanti na ghāteti (who has given up punishing of all living beings, be they trembling or firm, who does not kill, nor causes another to kill). This can be further analyzed into the main sentence b) and the clause a):
    a) nidhāya daṇḍaṃ bhūtesu tasesu thāvaresu ca (who has given up punishing of all living beings, be they trembling or firm). The subject is omitted, implying the relative pronoun yo (who) from the main sentence. The verb is in gerund, nidhāya (having laid down). The object is the noun daṇḍaṃ (punishment, accusative singular). It has an attribute, the noun bhūtesu (in living beings, locative plural). This word has two attributes, the adjectives tasesu (trembling, locative plural) and thāvaresu (firm, locative plural). They are connected by the conjunction ca (and).
    b) yo na hanti na ghāteti (who does not kill, nor causes another to kill). The subject is the relative pronoun yo (who, nominative singular). There are two verbs, hanti (kills3^rd person, singular, active, indicative, present tense) and ghāteti (causes to kill. 3^rd person, singular, active, causative, present tense). They are both negated by two negative particles na (not).
    2) tam ahaṃ brūmi brāhmaṇaṃ (him do I call a Brahmin). The subject is the pronoun ahaṃ (I, nominative singular). The verb is brūmi ([I] say, 1^st person, singular, active, indicative, present tense). The object is the noun brāhmaṇaṃ (Brahmin, accusative singular). It has an attribute, the pronoun tam (him, accusative singular).

Commentary:
    One monk went to the forest for meditation practice. He attained the Arahantship and went to the Buddha to offer his gratitude. On the way he passed through a certain village.
    There a wife quarreled with her husband and ran away. She followed close behind the monk. Her husband saw them and mistakenly thought that the monk is taking his wife away. So he beat the monk and took his wife back home.
    When the monk returned to the Jetavana monastery, he told his story. Other monks asked him if he was angry. He replied he was not, because he has no anger left in him. The Buddha then confirmed with this verse that the monk has indeed reached the Arahantship.

Sentence pronunciation:

Sentence pronunciation

Word pronunciation:

nidhāya
daṇḍaṃ
bhūtesu
tasesu
thāvaresu
ca
yo
na
hanti
ghāteti
tam
ahaṃ
brūmi
brāhmaṇaṃ