律藏=vinaya piṭaka; 不共住=parajika; 僧伽婆尸沙=saṃghavaśesa; 別住=parivāsa; 摩那埵=mānatta; 淸規=rule of vinaya; 山門出送=banishment from mountain gate; 僧侶法=law of Buddhist monk; 滅擯=expulsion; 除籍=remove from the monks register; 懺悔=repentance; 僧伽의 의무=duty of saṃgha; 宗法과 規則의 遵守=observance of law and rule
摘要
According to Vinaya-piṭaka , violation of parajika by bhikṣus or bhikṣuṇīs should be punished with expulsion from Sangha . In case of other violations, however, the violators are not expelled from Saṃgha but disciplined in various ways. In all the diverse cases of violations, “repenting” is one of the most important and indispensible element of discipline. The violator has to repent of his or her sin and make vow never to commit it in public. Repenting thus is one of the most important discipline for the harmonization of Saṃgha. The minimum number of audience of a repenting rite is prescribed in proportion to the seriousness of the violation, ranging from just one colleague bhikṣuk to twenty. Sŏn (Ch’an, Zen) monasteries (saṃghārāmas) have Ch’ ing-kuei or “Codes of Purity,” a characteristic feature of Sŏn school as an independent ecclesiastical institution of Buddhism. Punishments of violation of the Codes are also various in accordance with the seriousness. The heaviest one is permanent expulsion from Sŏn Saṃha, corresponding to Parajika of Vinaya-piṭka. The second heaviest one is removal from register and all offices of Sŏn Saṃgha. In this case, the violator however may regain the status after some period of punishment and repenting. This corresponds to saṃghavaśesa of Vinaya that results in restriction of thirty five items. The Codes of Purity of Sŏn thus retains essential continuity with Vinaya while adapting it to particular historical, geographical and cultural conditions. Without such adaptation or modification, Sŏn school would not have been able to act and spread as an independent Buddhist institution. It can thus be said that a Sŏn order’ vitality is determined by its fidelity to its own codes of purity. The Codes of Chogye Order are also established on the basis of Vinaya with modifications in accordance with practicality. They are calibrated and optimized for the geographical and cultural conditions of Korean society today. They can be therefore taken as a localized and modernized form of Vinaya. Chogye Order would not be able to recover its vitality and identity as a healthy Sŏn order without adequate fidelity to its Codes.
目次
I. 들어가는 말 91 II. 律藏의 처벌법 94 1. 不共住 95 2. 僧殘法 95 1) 別住와 摩那埵 96 3. 尼薩耆波逸提 102 4. 波逸提 103 5. 波羅提提舍尼 103 6. 式叉迦羅尼 104 III. 淸規 105 1. 淸規의 처벌법 111 IV. 僧侶法 113 1. 승려법의 처벌법 114 1) 멸빈 114 2. 제적 116 V. 끝맺는 말 125
