唐代敦煌金剛經變研究 -- 兼論「禪淨融合」思想的發展=A study on "Diamond Sura Painting' at Dunhuang Grottoes in Tang Dynasty: Zen Pure-Land Syncretism of The Thoughty in Dun-huang area
The study is the based on the existing seventeen Diamond Sura Paintings from Dun-huang. The analysis and the summary to the Paintings are drawn from the content of the Sura. The vocabulary and its composed scheme which are derived from the Paintings in Grottoes are used in discussion about the relationships among the Sura Paintings. This provides the correlated records which help in exploring the belief of Diamond Sura in Dun-huang area in its mid-late Tang Dynasty.
This article divides into four chapters in addition to its introductory and conclusion. In the second chapter, the Diamond Sura’s explanatory notes indicate the scripture used in the Tang Dynasty is primarily based on the definition or theory given by Vasubandhu. The theory of Pure-Land in the Sura by Vasubandhu is the first true with tangible form of explanation to the Pure-Land aspect. Because Buddhism in Tang Dynasty has the trend of becoming the common custom to its society, the tangible form of Pure-Land explanation conveys the idea of the dignified Buddha land and it is used as the material to spread the belief. In the third chapter, the writer arranges twenty sets of descriptive images from the seventeen Diamond Sura Paintings. From the images, four symbolic images are analyzed and are used to distinguish the Paintings and two primary systematic schemes are also concluded for the Paintings’ compositions. In the fourth chapter, manuscript explanation, efficacious records, and correlated records are glimpse of testifying the Pure-Land aspect blending with the belief and this reflects how Diamond Sura possesses the idea of Pure-Land aspect.In the final fifth chapter, Diamond Sura becomes the symbolic Zen scriptures during the mid-late Tang Dynasty to explore the role of Zen where it stands in the Paintings from the Grottoes. The Diamond Sura Paintings, which impersonate the role of Zen, are merged with the Paintings of Pure-Land aspect. This association of Paintings is observed from the correlated records and the relations found from the Paintings of the Grottoes. The Zen Pure-Land syncretism is meant for the aspect of Amidabha’s Pure-Land, Eastern Medicine-Buddha Pure-Land, Maitreya Paradise, and other Pure-Land of the Buddhism countries.
The Zen is the idea of meditation.This study of seventeen Diamond Sura paintings from the Dun-huang Grottoes believes the exhibits of the images which have shown the influences from the Pure-Land aspect. From the existing Diamond Sura Paintings of the Grottoes, the association of the Paintings reflects the manifestation of the Zen Pure-Land Syncretism.
