尸羅=戒=command=Precept=sila=morality=rule=discipline=prohibition; 日本佛教=Japanese Buddhism; 布教=弘化=Transmission of Buddhism=Propagation; 佛教人物=Buddhist; 法然=Honen; 修行方法=修行法門=Practice; 淨土=Pure Land; 彌勒菩薩=Maitreya=Miruk; 鎌倉佛教=Kamakura Buddhism=Buddhism of Kamakura Period; 釋迦牟尼佛=Sakyamuni; 法師=Master; 金剛乘=真言教=瑜伽宗=坦特羅佛教=密教=密宗=Tantric Buddhism=Esoteric Buddhism=Vajrayana Buddhism; 瑜伽行派=唯識學派=Yogacara school
摘要
This study looks at the noted Hosso monk who defended the established schools of Buddhism against the new Kamakura movements. It provides new insights for our reassessment of the events which have ripple effects even to the present day. This is the first book-length study in any language of Jo kei (1155-1213), a prominent Buddhist cleric of the Hosso (Yogacara) school, whose life bridged the momentous transition from Heian (794-1185) to Kamakura (1185-1333) Japan. "Kamakura Buddhism" has drawn notable scholarly attention, largely because it marks the emergence of new schools-Pure Land, Nichiren, and Zen-that came to dominate the Buddhist landscape of Japan. Although Jokei is invariably cited as one of the leading representatives of established Buddhism during the Kamakura period, he has been seriously neglected by Western scholars. In this book, James L. Ford aims to shed light on this pivotal and long-overlooked figure. Ford argues convincingly that Jokei is an ideal personage through which to peer anew into the socio-religious dynamics of early medieval Japan. Indeed, Jokei is uniquely linked to a number of decisive trends and issues of dispute including: the conflict between the established schools and Honen's exclusive nenbutsu movement; the precept-revival movement; doctrinal reform efforts; the proliferation of prominent "reclusive monks" (tonseiso); the escalation of fundraising (kanjin) campaigns and popular propagation; and the conspicuous revival of devotion toward Sakyamuni and Maitreya. Jokei represents a paradigm within established Buddhism that recognized the necessity of accessing other powers through esoteric practices, ritual performances, and objects of devotion. While Jokei is best known as a leading critic of Honen's exclusive nenbutsu movement and a conservative defender of normative Buddhist principles, he was also a progressive reformer in his own right. Far from defending the status quo, Jokei envisioned a more accessible, harmonious, and monastically upright form of Buddhism. Through a detailed examination of Jokei's extensive writings and activities, Ford challenges many received interpretations of Jokei's legacy and the transformation of Buddhism in early medieval Japan. This book fills a significant lacuna in Buddhist scholarship "This first in-depth study of the noted Hosso monk who defended the established schools of Buddhism against the new Kamakura movements in their historic break with traditional values will be required reading for students of Japanese religion for decades to come. It provides new insights for our reassessment of the events of these momentous times which have ripple effects even to the present day. Professor Ford is to be highly commended for his clear-sighted handling of the issues." --Robert E. Morrell, author of Early Kamakura Buddhism: A Minority Report "To say that James Ford's Jokei and Buddhist Devotion in Early Medieval Japan is an important contribution to the study of medieval Japanese Buddhism is not a mere commonplace. It fills a long-standing lacuna in both Japanese and western language scholarship. Ford successfully places Jokei back at the center of our understanding of the Buddhism of the Kamakura era. His treatment of Jokei is well-developed, presenting Jokei as an important religious thinker in his own right, and not solely as a sectarian partisan-as has usually been the case. Ford's examination of Jokei allows us to see Buddhism as it existed for its medieval practitioners, rather than through the lenses of later sectarian rhetorics." -- Richard K. Payne, editor of Discourse and Ideology in Medieval Japanese Buddhism "Finally, we have a thorough study in English on this extremely important religious figure from medieval Japan. Ford's insightful work provides us with a totally new grounding to understand Jokei's life and thought. It also illustrates, from Jokei's unique perspective, the intricate relationship between the court and the Buddhist order, th
