The thesis entitled "A Comparative Study on Ethics Relating to Abortion : Theravada Buddhism Viewpoints vis-a-vis Abortion Law" is written to analytically and comparatively study the ethical aspects of abortion as existent in Theravada Buddhism and the Abortion Law. The study commences primarily with the conception of human life, the development of embryogeny and the rights and wrongs of abortion, both from religious as well as legal viewpoints. In keeping with Buddhist principles, life begins from the moment the mother conceives. Life is then considered consummate and sacred. From then on, therefore, destruction of life or abortion is impermissible. According to Civil and Commercial Code, human life begins when a child is born and alive, whereas Abortion Law says that a child is born when union takes place between male's sperms and female's ovum. In the case of abortion, the Criminal Law, Clause 305, says that abortion is allowed legally if it is carried out for the sake of mother's health or when pregnancy is caused by forced sexual intercourse, in which case abortion must be done by authorized physicians. Considering the above views, Buddhism does not permit destruction of life, whatever reasons. This, of course, includes abortion permitted in the Criminal Law. Normally, laws of any country are enacted in compliance with moral and cultural norms of that country. In fact laws must be promulgates in line with traditional beliefs and social practices of the country and people. Whatever consideration, life carries its own significance and value. All beings love their lives, all prefer happiness. None likes sufferings and all are afraid of death. Every being has the right to live freely and happily. The Criminal Law on abortion, Clauses 301,302, and 303, explicitly prohibits destruction of the embryo. This is to forestall people from destroying all lives, which in Buddhism, are regarded as sacred and inviolable. Lord Buddha emphatically addressed his disciples to have mercy and loving-kindness towards, all beings, both human and animal. It is the fitness of things that every country should try to utilize its Criminal Law to uphold moral standards, a prerequisite for peaceful living. Besides moral standards lead to prevention of crimes and thus help promote social security and happiness. This, after all, is the aim and aspiration of all civilized countries.
