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ヴァーチャスパティの年代論=A Note on Discussions of Vācaspati-miśra's Dates |
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| 作者 |
金沢篤 (著)=Kanazawa, Atsushi (au.)
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| 出處題名 |
東洋学報=Journal of the Research Department of the Toyo Bunko=トウヨウ ガクホウ
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| 卷期 | v.68 n.3/4 |
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| 出版日期 | 1987.03.31 |
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| 頁次 | 1 - 24 |
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| 出版者 | 東洋協會調査部 |
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| 出版地 | 東京, 日本 [Tokyo, Japan] |
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| 資料類型 | 期刊論文=Journal Article |
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| 使用語言 | 日文=Japanese |
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| 關鍵詞 | インド; 9世紀～10世紀; インド六派哲学; Bhattacharya, D.C.; Sankaranarayanan, S.; Vācaspatimiśra; Nyāyakaṇikā; Bhāmatī; Nyāyavārttikatātparyaṭīkā; Tattvabindu; Tattvakaumudī; Tattvasamīkṣā; Tattvaśāradī; 年代論 |
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| 摘要 | The question on the dates of Vācaspati, referred to in later times by the epithet sarvatantrasvatantra and famous as the author of important works such as the Bhāmatī (BM), has been a lively topic of discussion since the very earliest stages of Indological studies. The order in which his works, beginning with the Nyāyakaṇikā (NK) and ending with the BM, were composed has been determined to a considerable degree of accuracy, and not only is it a matter of common consent that he lived around the period spanning the ninth to tenth centuries A. D., but it is also a known fact that he was a disciple of Trilocana or the author of Nyāyamañjarī (homonymous with the work of Jayanta) and that he received the patronage of King Nṛga (who has to date not been clearly identified with any historical personage). Although the six works extant among his major compositions—the Tattvasamīkṣa, thought to have been a commentary on the Brahmasiddhi, remains nonextant—contain no specific references to his dates, it is also a matter of common knowledge that the colophon to the Nyāyasūcīnibandha (NSN), a minor published work containing the name Vācaspati of which the ascription however is still uncertain, states that this work was composed in the year designated as vasv-aṅka-vasu-vatsare (898). Accordingly, discussions up until the present on the subject of Vācaspati’s dates may be grouped under three heads, consisting of the two views which would interpret this date “898” either in the Vikrama era as A. D. 841 or in the Śāka (or Śaka) era as A. D. 976 and those views which do not set any great store by the chronological reference in the NSN but are based rather on other historical sources, primarily knowledge of Vācaspati’s relationship to other philosophers. In all cases, it has been general practice to consider the question of Vācaspati’s dates in connection with Jayanta and Udayana, the dates of whom have been more or less ascertained, and with the dates of Trilocana, of whom no written works remain extant but who is thought to have been a senior contemporary to Vācaspati.
Recently, however, there appeared somewhat unexpectedly a most ambitious paper by S. Sankaranarayanan entitled “The Colophon in the Bhāmatī: A New Study” (ALB, 49, 1985, pp. 34-61). Sankaranarayanan takes up for consideration the chronological reference vasv-akṣi-vāsave in the colophon of the Nyāyasūtra-uddhāra (NSūU), a published work of a similar nature to the NSN also containing the name Vācaspati, which had for certain reasons been virtually ignored in previous discussions of Vācaspati’s dates, and bases his discussion of Vācaspati’s dates on this phrase vasv-akṣi-vāsave, which he interprets as referring to the year 828. He understands the reference to the year 898 in the NSN as an error for 828, and having interpreted this date in the Śaka era, concludes that Vacaspati’s three works on the Nyāya school (NSūU, NSN, Nyāyavārttikatātparyaṭṭīkā) were all written during approximately the same period, around A. D. 906. In addition, by taking the as yet only inadequately explained expression mahīpe… śrīmannṛge in the colophon of the BM to mean Mahīpe (=Mahipale)… śrīman-nṛpe, he asserts that Vācaspati composed the BM under the patronage of King Mahīpāla, a historically verified ruler of the Pratīhara dynasty who ruled ca. A. D. 912-45, and further identifies Mithileśvara, referred to in the colophon of the NSūU, with King Mahendrapāla, Mahīpāla’s father, and Adiśūra appearing in the NK, Vācaspati’s earliest work, with Mahendrapāla’s father Adiśūkara (=Ādivarāha), namely, King Bhoja.
In the present paper, as a first step towards establishing the long-sought definitive dates of Vācaspati, we have presented a conspectus of previous discussions of Vācaspati’s dates, followed by a detailed discussion of Sankaranarayanan’s recently advanced ideas as well as an examination of moot points contained therein. His views are somewhat marred by his methods and mode of proce |
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| ISSN | 03869067 (P) |
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| 點閱次數 | 341 |
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| 建檔日期 | 1998.04.28; 2002.09.30
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| 更新日期 | 2020.07.22 |
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