Peter Harvey, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Sunderland; peter.harvey@sunderland.ac.uk
摘要
The Buddhist literature that goes into most explicit detail on factors affecting degree of culpability in wrong actions is the Vinaya. While this includes material that goes beyond the scope of ethics per se, it contains much of relevance to ethics. Focusing on overt physical and verbal actions, it also has much to say on states of mind which affect the moral assessment of actions: knowledge, perception, doubt, intention, carelessness, remorse, etc. These factors interact in sometimes complex and subtle ways, and their relevance varies according to the type of action being assessed, rather than being applied in an indiscriminate blanket fashion. The sources used for the article are primarily the Pāli Vinaya and its commentary, with some reference to the Milindapañha, Kathvātthu, and Abhidharma-kośa-bhāṣya when they discuss Vinaya-related matters.
目次
ABSTRACT 271 WHERE KNOWLEDGE IS NEEDED FOR THERE TO BE AN OFFENCE 272 Madness and affliction by pain 272 THE RELEVANCE OF INTENTION 273 The impact of doubt and error 274 The impact of partial error or partial ignorance 274 Recklessness, carelessness, and avoiding foreseeable harm 276 Compassionate motivation 279 Carrying out intentions through the medium of others 280 REMORSE, GUILT, AND REGRET 280 BLAMABLE BY THE WORLD AND BY ORDINANCE 282 OFFENCES COMMITTED WHEN THE MIND IS IN A SKILLFUL STATE 284 OFFENCES COMMITTED WITHOUT AWARENESS (acittaka) 284 CONCLUSION 286 Notes 287 BIBLIOGRAPHY 291
