東アジア仏教の諸問題：聖厳博士古稀記念論集= An Anthology of East Asian BUddhism:A Commemorative Volume in Honor of Ven.Sheng-yen on His 70th Birthday
出版日期
2001.03.20
頁次
299-326, 223-224
出版者
山喜房佛書林=Sankibo busshorin佛書林=Sankibo-Busshorin
出版地
東京, 日本 [Tokyo, Japan]
資料類型
專題研究論文=Research Paper
使用語言
日文=Japanese
附註項
English Abstract：p. 223-224.
摘要
English Abstract Zen master Hakuin Ekaku (白隱慧鶴，1685-1768) is famed as the reviver of the Japanese Rinzai Zen school and as the organizer of the koan system presently used in Rinzai Zen training. The fact that all contemporary Rinzai masters trace their lineages back to him testifies to his historical importance. His surviving works include numerous essays, poems, and sermons in both Japanese (kana 假名) and Sino-Japanese (kanbun 漢文)，as well as countless examples of India -- ink calligraphy and painting.
Hakuin's artwork has long been highly prized among Japanese collectors, and has thus received a certain amount of scholarly attention. In view of Hakuin's importance in the development of Japanese Zen，however，the research to date can hardly be regarded as adequate. Much of his prodigious output remains uncataloged，and many works attributed to him have yet to be verified.
Hakuin's paintings and calligraphy have been analyzed from the perspectives of the fine arts and art history，but it must be remembered that Hakuin was not primarily an artist but a man of religion. His works must thus be regarded not simply as objects of art appreciation，but，more comprehensively，as expressions of Hakuin's spiritual values and goals.
Hakuin displayed a great interest in contemporary social and political developments, and was quite outspoken about his views. Particularly noteworthy was his often-critical stance towards the Tokugawa shogunate，which at the time was still in the process of consolidating its power over Japan. Furthermore，in many of his Japanese kana sermons, written in the form of long letters to various daimyo (lords of feudal domains). He criticizes government conduct and dispenses advice on the proper attitude and behavior of a ruler. Close though the ties may have been between the Zen school and the government in the centuries following the Kamakura era (1192-1333)，it would nevertheless be hard to find another Zen master that criticized the authorities as clearly and concretely as did Hakuin.
The present article focuses on the political critique in Hakuin's artwork，essays, and sermons to further clarify this aspect of the Zen master's spirituality.
