As is well-known, lineage has played a fundamental role in determining Chan identity. The Chan slogan “a separate transmission outside the scriptures” (jiaowai biechuan 教外別傳) enshrined lineage as the sine qua non of true dharma transmission. Lineage emerged as a fundamental concern early on in the Chan tradition, a concern that was solidified in the “lamp records” (denglu 燈錄) compiled in the early Song dynasty to document the profusion of Chan movements in the mid- to late Tang dynasty, of which the Jingde Chuandeng lu 景德傳燈錄 (Jingde era Record of the Transmission of the Lamp; compiled 1004) became the classic formulation. While lineage appears as an identifying feature in many religious traditions, including Buddhism, and is an aspect in non-religious contexts as well, its uniqueness in Chan bears on the role lineage plays in the determination of Chan orthodoxy. This presentation explores notions of Chan lineage in the works of the prominent Chinese Buddhist master Yongming Yanshou 永明延壽 (904-975), a proponent of scholastic Chan who disputed Chan’s separate identity and its notion of lineage as the sine qua non of true dharma transmission. Instead, I argue that Yanshou advocated an alternative vision for “Chan as bodhisattva cultivation” (pusa xing chan 菩薩行禪) that transcended notions of Chan lineage orthodoxy. 正如眾所周知，宗傳體系是禪宗獨特的定位。而禪宗「教外別傳」的口號，使法脈傳承成為傳法的必要條件。初期禪宗發展的關鍵的即是傳承法系的問題，這個關懷再宋初編撰的《燈錄》文獻中更被強化。其中以《景德傳燈錄》為代表之作，記錄了中堂至晚唐時期禪宗的盛況。當然，法脈傳承在許多宗較傳統中皆是識別要素，也存在於非宗教領域。它在禪宗的獨特性，在於判斷宗傳是否正統。本文探討永明延壽 (904-975) 的著作中，有關禪宗法脈傳承的觀點。延壽是一位著名的學問禪僧，他質疑禪宗教外別傳的定位與法脈傳承的唯一傳法之要素。本文提出延壽提倡「菩薩行之禪風」來代替正統宗傳的蟬宗定位。
目次
Classic Chan Formulations of Lineage 03 The Zongjing lu, Chronology and Inclusion: What Came First, Who Gets Counted? 06 Chan Lineages in the Zongjing lu 09 Yanshou and Zongmi on the Nature of Zong 13 Beyond Lineage Orthodoxy: Yongming Yanshou’s Modelof Chan as Bodhisattva Cultivation 19 Concluding Remarks 26 References 28
