Is there a Buddhist discourse on sex? In this innovative study, Bernard Faure reveals Buddhism's paradoxical attitudes toward sexuality. His remarkably broad range covers the entire geography of this religion, and its long evolution from the time of its founder, Sakyamuni, to the premodern age. The author's anthropological approach uncovers the inherent discrepancies between the normative teachings of Buddhism and what its followers practice.
Framing his discussion on some of the most prominent Western thinkers of sexuality--Georges Bataille and Michel Foucault--Faure draws from different reservoirs of writings, such as the orthodox and heterodox "doctrines" of Buddhism, and its monastic codes. Virtually untapped mythological as well as legal sources are also used. The dialectics inherent in Mahayana Buddhism, in particular in the Tantric and Chan/Zen traditions, seemed to allow for greater laxity and even encouraged breaking of taboos.
Faure also offers a history of Buddhist monastic life, which has been buffeted by anticlerical attitudes, and by attempts to regulate sexual behavior from both within and beyond the monastery. In two chapters devoted to Buddhist homosexuality, he examines the way in which this sexual behavior was simultaneously condemned and idealized in medieval Japan.
This book will appeal especially to those interested in the cultural history of Buddhism and in premodern Japanese culture. But the story of how one of the world's oldest religions has faced one of life's greatest problems makes fascinating reading for all.
目次
The Two Roads -- Buddhist Sexualities -- Ch. 1. The Hermeneutics of Desire. Protean Desire. The Buddhist Economy of Desire. Ascetic Lust. The Trend Reversal. The Ambivalent Body -- Ch. 2. Disciplining Sex, Sexualizing Discipline. Law, Order, and Libido. Sexual Offenses. The Rise of Mahayana Precepts -- Ch. 3. The Ideology of Transgression. The Rule of Antinomianism. Crazy Cloud. Transgression -- Sublime or Sublimated? Ritual Infractions. Feminine Transgression -- Ch. 4. Clerical Vices and Vicissitudes. Monastic Decline and Anticlericalism. The Demonic Priest. The Juridical Background. Nyobon. Order or Freedom -- Ch. 5. Buddhist Homosexualities. The New Sodom. The Social and Cultural Context(s). The Quest for Origins -- Ch. 6. Boys to Men. The Literary Tradition of the Chigo. The "Divine Child" Mystique. Head or Tail.
