For many people attracted to Eastern religions (particularly Zen Buddhism), Asia seems the source of all wisdom. As Bernard Faure examines the study of Chan/Zen from the standpoint of postmodern human sciences and literary criticism, he challenges this inversion of traditional "Orientalist" discourse: whether the Other is caricatured or idealized, ethnocentric premises marginalize important parts of Chan thought. Questioning the assumptions of "Easterners" as well, including those of the charismatic D. T. Suzuki, Faure demonstrates how both West and East have come to overlook significant components of a complex and elusive tradition. Throughout the book Faure reveals surprising hidden agendas in the modern enterprise of Chan studies and in Chan itself. After describing how Jesuit missionaries brought Chan to the West, he shows how the prejudices they engendered were influenced by the sectarian constraints of Sino-Japanese discourse. He then assesses structural, hermeneutical, and performative ways of looking at Chan, analyzes the relationship of Chan and local religion, and discusses Chan concepts of temporality, language, writing, and the self. Read alone or with its companion volume, The Rhetoric of Immediacy, this work offers a critical introduction not only to Chinese and Japanese Buddhism but also to "theory" in the human sciences.
目次
[TABLE OF CONTENTS]
Acknowledgments Abbreviations Introduction 3 Chan as Secondary Orientalism 5 The Cultural "Encounter Dialogue" 9 Comparison, Counterpoint, Intertwining 10 Ch. 1 Chan/Zen in the Western Imagination 15 Missionary Accounts 15 Buddhism and Quietism 29 Chan and Indian Mysticism 34 The Apostle Bodhidharma 45 Claudel and Buddhism 50 Ch. 2 The Rise of Zen Orientalism 52 Suzuki's Zen 53 The Western Critics of Suzuki 67 Nishida and the Kyoto School 74 Ch. 3 Rethinking Chan Historiography 89 Places and People 92 The Rise of Chan Historiography in Japan 99 The Cost of Objectivism 110 The Teleological Fallacy 114 Writing Chan History 123 Ch. 4 Alternatives 126 The Structural Approach 126 The Hermeneutic Approach 135 Toward a Performative Scholarship 145 Ch. 5 Space and Place 155 Chan and Local Spirits 156 From Place to Space 159 Chan In-sights and Di-visions 167 Ch. 6 Times and Tides 175 Conflicting Models 177 Dogen and His Times 187 The Ritualization of Time 192 Ch. 7 Chan and Language: Fair and Unfair Games 195 On the Way to Language 199 Poetical Language in Chan 205 How to Do Things with the Koan 211 Ch. 8 In-scribing/De-scribing Chan 217 A Qualified Anti-intellectualism 217 Chan Logocentrism 220 Orality in Chan 228 Chan as a Kind of Writing 233 Another Differend 234 Chan Rhetoric 237 Ch. 9 The Paradoxes of Chan Individualism 243 The Western Configuration of the Self 243 Early Buddhist Conceptions 251 Chinese Conceptions 254 The Individual and Power 257 Solitaire/Solidaire 261 Epilogue 269 Glossary 275 Bibliography 281 Index 317
