インド; 中国; 仏教学; 鳩摩羅什; 龍樹; Nāgārjuna; Stuart H. Young; 龍樹菩薩伝; 付法蔵因縁伝; 出三蔵記集; 華厳遊意; 歴代三宝紀; 龍樹伝
摘要
鳩摩羅什訳『龍樹菩薩伝』は、現存する最古の龍樹伝として知られている。現在、大正蔵に収録されている本書は、鳩摩羅什自身によって著されたかどうかは疑問視されているものの、概ね同時代に成立したものと考えられている。しかし、近年、Stuart H. Young が、この『龍樹菩薩伝』の成立問題をめぐり、『付法蔵因縁伝』を直接の典拠とし、後世に述作されたという新たな見解を提示した。筆者は、先に発表した「初期の龍樹伝」において、この問題を取上げ、大正蔵に収録された二本の『龍樹菩薩伝』、『付法蔵因縁伝』を比較検討した。今回は、大正蔵だけではなく、大正蔵が校訂で用いなかった趙城金蔵や、敦煌写本、日本に伝わる古写経などを調査し、『龍樹菩薩伝』の成立問題を再考したいと思う。
The Longshu pusa zhuan (龍樹菩薩伝, the Biography of Nāgārjuna, T. no. 2047) translated by Kumārajīva (350-409 or 344-413) is known as the oldest biography of the great Mādhyamika philosopher. Although the authenticity of Kumārajīvaʼs translation is now questioned, it is held to be translated or written in the period around Kumārajīvaʼs activity. However, Stuart H. Young recently proposed the hypothesis that the biography was fabricated based on the Fufazang yinyuan zhuan (付法蔵因縁伝, the Dharma-treasury transmission, T. no. 2058) dating the late 5th century. The Longshu pusa zhuan (龍樹菩薩伝) is almost same in content as a biography of Nāgārjuna appeared in the Fufazang yinyuan zhuan (付法蔵因縁伝) and we can find many parallel phrases between them. As to the anteroposterior relationship between the two texts, Henri Maspero mentioned that the Fufazang yinyuan zhuan (付法蔵因縁伝) was fabricated around the 6th century based on the earlier buddhist texts including the Longshu pusa zhuan (龍樹菩薩伝). His opinion has been widely accepted. In this paper, I will consider the anteroposterior relationship between the two texts by the following procedures. First, I will compare their sentences and contents. And second, from the point of view of the existent manuscripts and the printing editions of Song period which were newly found after the Taisho edition, I will reconstruct the history of editing of the Longshu pusa zhuan (龍樹菩薩伝). The considerations will lead to the conclusion that there was the third text that was the original of the existent Longshu pusa zhuan (龍樹菩薩伝), and that was one of sources of the Fufazang yinyuan zhuan (付法蔵因縁伝).
