Prior to the Meiji period (1868-1912) imperial funerals and memorial rites in Japan had been conducted as Buddhist ceremonies for over a millennium. It is said that the emperor Meiji’s father, Komei, was buried according to Buddhist protocols; it was not until memorial rites in 1869 marking the third anniversary of Komei's death that all vestiges of Buddhist liturgy were ostensibly proscribed as part of a wider attempt to purify the nation of the evil of Buddhism. But these observations tend to obscure what is actually known about the imperial mortuary tradition, especially at critical moments in its modern metamorphosis. This essay questions the historical judgment that Kdmei’s mortuary rites mark a clean break with tradition, suggesting instead that the twentieth-century conventions of imperial mortuary practice did not in fact get established until after the Meiji period had come to an end.
目次
Historical Background 275 Imperial Rites 275 Shinso Undo 神葬運動: The Emergence of "Native" or "Local" Funeral Right Movements 277 Yoshida Family Rites 281 Meiji Period Developments 283 The Case of Emperor Kōmei 284 The Case of the Empress Dowager Eishō 289 Conclusion 292 References 293
