The belief in the Constellation and Yamarajan in Buddhism were separately initiated in the Late Tang Dynasty and then passed down to Five Dynasties and Song Dynasty. In the beginning, there was no significant overlap in belief images in between and there was very limited description about the connection between them in Buddhist sutras and documents. However, there are evidences in the historical documents showing that ancient ancestors worshipped the Sun, the Moon, the Constellations and Yamarajan and his family praying of them to remove ill fortune and extend lives. During the late five hundred years the development of the images of these believes continues and brings significant influence to Japan, Korea and other neighbor countries. After the Constellation and Yamarajan believes were introduced to Japan, the belief images had been modified. The Constellations were combined with the mandala shape while the Yamarajan images were developed to images of the Yama Institute and images of Enmaten and Enmaou. In 13th century, the images of constellations and related ten kings of Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva (Jurin-in Tample) appeared in the painting theme of the Japanese Buddhism. Later, even Chi Shen Light Buddha and images of Constellations and Enmaten were painted together in a painting. The Buddhist Constellation and the ten kings of Yama images discretely existed in Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes and then after the unknown time period and traveling history, both images showed up in Japan and were combined together to appear in the pictures used by the Constellation belief believers. The research focused on the existing Japanese Buddhist constellation and ten kings of Yama images and related literatures and, through carefully sorting and studying, aimed to explain the development of the Constellation and Yamarajan images and the meaning of their combination in the late 13th century.
