房山石經《一乘法界圖合詩一印》發微=A Study on the Yicheng Fajie Tu Heshi Yiyin [One Stamp with Poem and Chart of the Dharma-world of the One Vehicle] Preserved in the Fangshan Stone Canon
《華嚴一乘法界圖》=Hwaeom ilseung beopgye do [Chart of the Dharma-world of the One Vehicle of the Huayan]; 義湘=Uisang [625–702]; 智儼=Zhiyan [602–668]; 房山石經=Fangshan Stone Canon
Uisang’s 義湘 (625–702) Hwaeom ilseung beopgye do 華嚴一乘法界圖 [Chart of the Dharma-world of the One Vehicle of the Huayan], which is included in the Han’guk Pulgyo chŏnsŏ 韓國佛教全書 [Complete works of Korean Buddhism], was compiled through textual criticism between handed-down literature, like the manuscript from the second year of Zhengde 正德(1507) collected by Ōtani University and other manuscripts. The Hwaeom ilseung beopgye do of Jin Dynasty, included in the Fangshan Stone Canon, which was carved around the twelfth century, not only has the characteristics of textual criticism, but, more importantly, it is worth noting that it was signed as ‘Yan Fashi zao’ 儼法師造 (Composed by Master Zhiyan). Therefore, there is a close relationship between Hwaeom ilseung beopgye do and Zhiyan. As to its ideological originality, it is hard to say that the text of Hwaeom ilseung beopgye do led to any innovations in Zhiyan’s extant works, but we can say that Uisang’s innovation lay in arranging and combining 30 seven-character poems with 210 words in the form of a square stamp. It is worth noting that in the Fangshan Stone Canon, Yicheng fajie tu heshi yiyin 一乘法界圖合詩一印 [One Stamp with Poem and Chart of the Dharma-world of the One Vehicle] is a respectively printed scripture, which means that it does not belong to the canonic system. Apparently, Buddhist believers paid more attention to the mysterious religious effect of arranging words into a square stamp. That is, they had some similar attitudes towards dhāraṇīs, rather than philosophical speculative discussion. In addition to discussing the philosophical thoughts and literature versions of Huayan scholars such as Zhiyan and Uisang, the Yicheng fajie tu heshi yiyin is of great significance for understanding the religious practice of Buddhists in the Liao and Jin Dynasties, as well as the significance of symbolic representation of esoteric forms in Chinese Buddhist literature.
