홍주종=洪州宗=Hongzhou school; 나말여초=the Period from the End of Silla to the Beginning of Goryeo; 선사=禪師=Buddhist monk; 선=禪=Zen; 산문=山門; 수행=Zen practice; 법맥=法脈=Buddhist dharma lineage
摘要
홍주종은 당나라 8세기 중반~9세기, 마조 및 마조계 문하 선종을 말한다. 나말여초는 사회적으로 매우 혼란스런 시기였다. 이런 시대적인 배경 속에서 구법승들에 의해 선이 유입되어 수많은 산문이 생겼는데, 대부분 홍주종계의 선법이었다. 각 지역에서 발전된 산문의 선사들은 다양한 양상을 띠었는데, 선의 우위성 강조ㆍ교선일치ㆍ일원상 방편ㆍ청규 실행ㆍ보살행 실천 등이다. 또한 산문 중에는 2조나 3조가 산문을 개산한 경우도 있고, 왕권과 밀착된 산문이 있는 반면 오롯이 선(禪)만 지향한 선사도 있었다. 한편 홍주종 법맥을 받고도 재차 입당해 조동종 법맥을 받은 선사들이 많았다. 나말여초 홍주종계의 선풍은 매우 다양한 양상을 띠며 발전 전개되었다.
‘Hongzhou school’ refers to the Zen sect formed by the influence of Mazu and the disciples of the Mazu circle from the middle phase of the 8th century to the 9th century in the Tang period. The the Period from the End of Silla to the Beginning of Goryeo was a very socially confusing time. In such a time period, many temples were established due to the influx of Zen Buddhism by the monks who studied abroad in China. Most of them were centered on the Zen meditation methods of the Hongzhou school. The Buddhist monks of the temples, which had developed in each local region, had assumed diverse aspects. Some of them emphasized the predominance of Zen, while others emphasized the coincidence between Zen teachings and Doctrinal teachings. Some emphasized the utilization of the expediency of the ilwonsang (the symbol of one circle), while others emphasized the execution of the pure precepts. Still others emphasized the Bodhisattva practice. Also, among the temples, there were cases where the second or third patriarchs reopened their own temples. And, while there were the temples adhering to the royal authority, there were also been the Zen Buddhist monks oriented towards the Zen practice only. Meanwhile, there were many Buddhist monks who received the Caodong school’s Buddhist Dharam lineage by entering the Tang period again after receiving the Hongzhou school’s Buddhist dharma lineage. The Zen ethos of the Hongzhou school in this period was developed and unfolded with very diverse aspects.
目次
Ⅰ. 들어가면서 247 Ⅱ. 선종 발전의 시대 및 불교사적 배경 248 1. ‘홍주종’ 명명의 불교사적 의의 248 2. 당대(唐代) 선종 발전의 사회적ㆍ불교사적 배경 249 3. 신라 하대, 시대 및 불교사적 배경 251 Ⅲ. 나말여초 홍주종의 수용 및 전개 254 1. 홍주종계 산문 254 2. 홍주종 산문의 다양한 전개 및 특질 259 Ⅳ. 나가면서 272
