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茶禪對六識覺察影響之研究=Exploring How Tea Chan Influences the Mindfulness of the Six Consciousnesses |
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| 作者 |
黃鳴鳳 (著)=Huang, Ming-Feng (au.)
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| 出版日期 | 2021 |
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| 頁次 | 131 |
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| 出版者 | 佛光大學 |
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| 出版者網址 |
https://website.fgu.edu.tw/
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| 出版地 | 宜蘭縣, 臺灣 [I-lan hsien, Taiwan] |
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| 資料類型 | 博碩士論文=Thesis and Dissertation |
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| 使用語言 | 中文=Chinese |
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| 學位類別 | 碩士 |
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| 校院名稱 | 佛光大學 |
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| 系所名稱 | 未來與樂活產業學系 |
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| 指導教授 | 楊瑞明、汪雅婷 |
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| 畢業年度 | 109 |
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| 關鍵詞 | 茶禪=Tea Chan; 六識=six consciousnesses; 覺察=mindfulness |
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| 摘要 | 禪宗為佛教眾多門派中的一支，提倡「直指人心，見性成佛，不立文字」，就是要求人們要保持內心的平靜，不要受到任何外界事物的影響而煩惱或困擾。茶禪就是一種修為，將禪學的覺察與領悟融入茶事的過程與活動，茶人的心境以追求清淨、自然、簡樸為依歸，祈能體現誠敬空靈的心境，不受任何羈絆，專心一意、茶我合一的泡茶。在佛教經典中「眼識、耳識、鼻識、舌識、身識、意識」被視為人類主觀認知的能力，也就是六識。在茶禪的意境與品茶的過程中，眼觀茶色，耳聽沸音，鼻聞茶香，舌品茶味，身體感受茶道的內蘊，攝心專情於茶事，調身、調息、調心，觀澄世事浮雲、聽靜塵世喧囂、品淨紅塵紛擾、淡定心猿意馬，了悟茶禪，空靈心意、修然自在、了無罣礙。
本研究採用文獻探討與深度訪談方法，經由專家效度審查，擬定茶禪對六識覺察影響訪談問卷，問卷大綱分為六個構面、四十個訪談題項。研究中發現，研究對象需有深度茶道經驗的老師，才能在訪談研究中，給予有效的回答與回饋。所以採立意抽樣，選定訪談對象，進行多次深度訪談研究。藉由六識覺察訪談大綱了解茶禪對「眼、耳、鼻、舌、身、意等六識的覺察變化為何」，進而探究分析六識覺察「了解茶禪是否能幫助茶人達到參悟境界」。
研究發現茶和禪是一體的兩面，茶禪將參禪修鍊融入茶事與茶道，在實踐中學習、在學習中實踐。研究發現在茶禪的奉茶過程，茶人經由心理的知覺體會感受茶禪修為的感動，覺察身心靈如何濾濁揚清、定靜安慮的心路歷程。研究印證道本自具足，就在見聞覺知，時時刻刻不離當下，入參破參、悟行合一。
Chan Buddhism 禪宗is one of the many schools of Buddhism that advocates "teachings which directly point to the human mind as well as seeing into one's nature to attain Buddhahood, without dependence upon words or letters." In other words, Chan Buddhism calls on people to maintain inner peace, not to be upset or disturbed by external influences. In this sense, the practice of "Tea Chan" is a way of cultivation which integrates the mindfulness and enlightenment of Chan into the process of tea ceremony. When making tea, tea specialists seek the mental state of purity, naturalness, and simplicity, as they hope to embody a sincere and ethereal state of mind, free from any mundane restraints, in order to concentrate on the practice of making tea and devote themselves solely to the tea ceremony. In most Buddhist scriptures, there exist six modes of consciousness, i.e. "six vijñānas (six consciousnesses)", which refer to mindfulness through the eye, ear, nose, tongue, body, and mind. These six sense-specific types of consciousness are the basis for the subjective mindfulness of all humans. In the mindset of Chan and tea, and the process of tea tasting, eye observes the color of the tea, ear hears the sound of water boiling, nose smells the fragrance of tea, tongue tastes the tea, and body and mind feel the content of the tea ceremony. As tea specialists concentrate on the tea ceremony, they can better pace their body, breath, and mind: tea helps to see beyond the earthly trivialities, muffle the external noises, diminish the turmoil of the world, and calm down one's restless mind. As one is enlightened by the Chan in tea, their mind shall be free from mundane matters, and filled with self-cultivation which eliminates all hindrance.
In this study, the methodology includes literature review and in-depth interviews. Through the research review, an interview questionnaire is designed to explore the influence of Chan and tea on the mindfulness enabled by the six consciousnesses, which consists of six main dimensions and 40 interview questions in total. Based on the data from the pilot experiments, it is discovered that only subjects who are practitioners with in-depth tea ceremony experience were able to provide effective answers and feedback during the interview. Hence, purposive sampling is adopted by further selecting interview subjects before the in-depth interviews were conducted. Based on the interview outline focusing on the mindfulness enabled by the six consciousnesses, this research aims to understand the process of mindfulness enabled by each of the six consciousnesses (i.e. through the eye, ear, nose, tongue, body, and mind), so as to explore and analyze "whether such mindfulness in the practice of Tea Chan can help tea specialists reach the state of enlightenment".
The research results illustrate that tea and Chan are in fact two sides of the same being. In the practice of Tea Chan, the efforts for enlightenment are realized in the practice of tea ceremony. That is, one learns by practicing tea, and, at the same time, practices tea in the process of learning. Also, it is indicated that during the process of making and offering tea, tea specialists can experience the moving sensations from Tea Chan through psychological perception, as they become aware how their mind and body can learn |
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| 目次 | 摘要 Ⅰ
Abstract Ⅱ
謝誌 Ⅳ
目錄 Ⅴ
圖目錄 Ⅶ
表目錄 Ⅷ
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景與動機 2
第二節 研究目的與問題 3
第三節 名詞釋義 4
第四節 研究流程與步驟 7
第五節 研究範圍與限制 9
第二章 文獻探討 11
第一節 茶禪的意涵與文獻 11
第二節 六識的意涵與文獻 18
第三節 覺察的意涵與理論 31
第四節 茶禪體驗的流程與方法 35
第三章 研究設計與實施 40
第一節 研究架構 40
第二節 研究對象 41
第三節 研究工具 44
第四節 研究信實度 48
第五節 資料處理與分析 51
第六節 研究倫理 54
第四章 研究結果與分析 55
第一節 六識覺察狀態的分析 55
第二節 茶禪的參悟分析 90
第五章 結論與建議 93
第一節 結論 93
第二節 建議 98
參考文獻 101
附錄 109
附錄一、訪談同意書 109
附錄二、正式半結構化訪談大綱 110
附錄三、訪談大綱專家效度問卷草稿 114
圖目錄
圖1-4-1 研究流程圖 7
圖1-4-2 研究步驟圖 8
圖3-1-1 研究架構圖 40
圖3-5-1 訪談資料整理分析程序圖 51
表目錄
表2-2-1 五味表 20
表2-2-2 根緣境關聯表 24
表2-4-1 「茶禪方案」實施流程說明表 35
表3-2-1 研究對象基本資料表 42
表3-3-1 司茶人茶禪六識覺察影響觀察表 45
表3-4-1 專家效度審查專家名錄 49
表3-4-2 專家意見統整表 50
表3-5-2 六識覺察訪談摘要編碼表 52
表5-1-1 茶禪六識覺察問卷題項統計總表 89 |
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| 點閱次數 | 147 |
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| 建檔日期 | 2022.09.28 |
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| 更新日期 | 2023.01.06 |
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