中峰明本《幻住庵清規》之研究: 以日資、禪坐和法事為中心=A Study of Chan Master Zhongfeng Mingben's Huanzhu an qinggui: Centered on Daily Schedule, Meditation, and Ritual Practice
Written by Chan Master Zhongfeng Mingben 中峰明本 (1263-1323) in 1317, the Huanzhu an qinggui 幻住庵清規 is a monastic code that was intended for exclusive use by Mingben's private hermitages. As the only Yuan monastic code written for use in private monasteries that is still extant, the Huanzhu an qinggui provides invaluable insight on the life and practice of private monastic communities during the Yuan. By examining the text of the Huanzhu an qinggui, this research attempts to construct an image of the life and practice of practitioners residing at Mingben’s small private communities and understand the aspects of Buddhist teachings and monastic practice that Mingben deemed to be important. Specifically, the examination of the "Rizi," "Yuejin," "Niangui,""Shifan," and "Kai ganlu men" sections of the Huanzhu an qinggui, in conjunction with selections from Mingben's essays and sermons collected in the Tianmu zhongfeng heshang guanglu and the Tianmu mingben chanshi zalu will reveal the daily schedule of practice that practitioners adhered to, the type of meditation that they engaged in, and the manner in which ritual ceremonies played a role in the life and practice of Mingben's hermitages. A review of the liturgical texts for the food bestowal rite and the yulan pen festival will show how Mingben used these two ritual ceremonies as tools to propagate Buddhism, make converts, and foster mental cultivation.
目次
Abstract i Contents ii Chapter 1: Introduction 1 1.1. Background 1 1.2. Literature Review 5 1.3. Approach and Methodology 10 1.4. Structure and Introduction to Individual Chapters 12 Chapter 2: A Daily Schedule of Daily Sustenance I 15 2.1. “Rizi”: Daily Schedule 16 2.2. Comparison with Ruzhong riyong 18 Chapter 3: A Daily Schedule of Daily Sustenance II 31 3.1. “Rizi”as Daily Sustenance 31 3.2. Comparison with Zuochanyi 32 3.3. Conclusion 43 Chapter 4: Breaking Walls and Biting Iron Nails 47 4.1. Confront Mortality and Generate Doubt 47 4.2. Eliminate Drowsiness and Confusion 67 4.3. Cut off Secondary Thoughts 71 4.4. Abandon Deliberative Thinking 74 4.5. Exhaust the Thieving Mind 80 4.6. Conclusion 86 Chapter 5: Ritual in the Monastic Schedule 90 5.1. Introduction 90 5.2. “Yuejin”: Monthly Schedules 91 5.3. “Niangui”: Yearly Observances 94 5.3.1. Imperial Festival 95 5.3.2. Four Festivals 97 5.3.3. Annual Planning 100 5.4. “Shifan”: Model Liturgies 101 5.5. Conclusion 105 Chapter 6: Ritual as Nourishment 108 6.1. Food Bestowal Ritual 108 6.2. Yulan pen Festival 120 6.3. Conclusion 132 Chapter 7: Conclusions 136 Appendix I 144 Appendix II 146 A. Letter to Chief Seat Haidongyuan 示海東淵首座 146 B. Letter to Practitioner Cheng示澄禪人 150 C. Letter to Fushangzhu 示夫上主 151 D. Address to Assembly示眾 154 Appendix III 156 Bibliography 176
