On the Dates of the Saka Era in Inscriptions
By Professor F. Kielhorn, C.I.E.; Gottingen.
The Indian Antiquary
1894.05 pp. 113-134
p. 113
The number of dates of the Saka era which I have
collected from the texts of inscriptions, or from
accounts of inscriptions published by other scholars,
especially by Dr. Fleet, amounts to about 370. Of
these, about 100 dates contain no details for
calculation or verification, and in rather more
than thirty others the wording of some of the
details is doubtful. Of the rest, the calculation of
about 140 dates has yielded results which
theoretically satisfy the requirements of the
cases, while that of about seventy has proved
unsatisfactory; and in the case of about twenty dates
my examination has shewn, either, how a particular
term of the original date ought to be understood, or
in what manner the wording of the date should be
amended, In the following I give a list of what may
be called regular dates.(1) These will be followed by
a list of irregular dates, and by such remarks as
have suggested themselves to me regarding the
practice of dating followed in connection with the
Saka era. For obvious reasons, I shall include in my
lists the dates which have been already treated of by
Dr. Fleet,(2) and feel sure that he will approve of
my doing so.
I. -- REGULER DATES.
A. -- DATES IN LUNAR MONTHS.
1. -- Dates in Expired Years.
(a). -- Dates in Bright Fortnights.
1. -- S. 654. -- Ante, Vol, XXI. p. 48. Date in a
stone inscription from Java:--
(L. 1). --Sakendre=tigate srut-indriya-rasair=
angikrite vatsare var-endau dhavala-trayodasi-tithau
Bhadrottare Karttike.
S. 654 expired: Monday, 6th October, A. D. 732;
the 13th tithi of the bright half ended 18 h. 17 m.,
and the nakshatra was Uttara-bhadrapada up to 15 h. 6
m. after mean sunrise.
2. -- S. 679. -- Jour. Bo. As. Sec. Vol. XVI, p.
106; ante, Vol. XVIII. p. 55. Antroli- Chharoli
copper-plate inscription of a Rashtrakuta king Kakka
of Gujarat: --
(L. 29). -- vishuva-samkrantau....
(L.36). -- Sakanripa-kal-atita-samvatsara-sata-
shatke ekonasity-adhike Asvayuja-suddha-(ddhe=n)kate(to)
=pi sam 600 70 9 tithi 7.
In S. 679 expired the Vishuva(Tula)-samkranti
took place 18 h. 53 m. after mean sunrise of the 23rd
September, A.D. ). 757, during the 6th tithi; and the
7th tithi of the bright half of Asvina ended 22 h. 1
m. after mean sunrise of the 24th September, A. D.
757.
3. - S. 765. -- Notulen Bataviaasch Genootschap,
Vol. XXVI. p. 21. Date in a stone inscription from
Java:-
Svasti Sakavarsh-atita. 765 Chaitra-masa tithi
panchadasi chandragrahana Somavara....
S. 765 expired: A lunar eclipse, visible in
Java, 18 h. 50 m. after 6 a. m. (local time) of
Monday, 19th March, A. D. 843.
4.--S. 782.--Jour. Bo. As. Soc, Vol, IX. p. 219,
and Vol. XII, p. 329; ante, Vol. III. p. 320, and
Vol. XVIII. p. 94. Date of the Kalyan Ambarnath
temple inscription of the Mahamandalesvara
Mamvanirajadeva, as read by Dr. Bhau Daji and Dr.
Fleet:--
(L. 1). -- Saka-samvat 782 Jyeshtha-suddha 9
Su(su)kre.
1 Those dates in which a tithi is joined with the
week-day on which it commenced I shall give,
under a separate heading, in the list of
irregular dates, but by doing so I do not wish to
intimate that those dates are incorrect. Under
irregular dates will also be given several regular
dates from (apparently) spurious documents.
2 The regular dates which have been already examined
by Dr. Fleet are Nos. 2, 4, 6, 13, 25, 27, 28, 32,
35, 55, 59, 60, 62, 64, 65, 69, 74, 85, 98, 102,
106, 108-112.
p. 114
S. 782 expired: Friday, 3rd May, A. D. 860; the
9th tithi of the bright half ended 7h. 43 m. after
mean sunrise.
5. -- S. 782. -- Ante, Vol. XXI. p. 48, Date in
an inscription from Java:--
Sakavarshatita 782, Karttikamasa, tithi trayodasi
sukla-paksha,.. Vri-vara (i.e. Brihasprtti-vara),...
Asvini-nakshatra, ... Vyatipata-yoga, ...
Taithila-karana.
S. 782 expired: Thursday, 31st October, A. D.
860; the 13th tithi of the bright half and the karana
Taitila ended 10 h. 29 m., and the nakshatra was
Asvini up to 11 h. 10 m., and the yoga Vyatipata up
to 5 h. 16 m. after mean sunrise.
6. -- S. 836. -- Ante, Vol. XII. p. 194, and Vol.
XVIII. . 90. Haddala copper-plate inscription of the
Chapa Mahasamantadhipati Dharanivaraha, the feudatory
of a king Mahipaladeva:--
(Plate ii. 1. 12). --
prapt-odagayana-mahaparvvani.....
(L. 21). -- Saka-samvat 836 Pausha-sudi 4
uttarayane.
In S. 836 expired the Uttarayana-samkranti took
place 4 h. 2 m. after mean sunrise of the 23rd
December, A. D. 914, during the 4th tithi of the
bright half which ended 15 h. after mean sunrise of
the same day.
7. -- S. 851. -- Ante, Vol. XII. p. 211, No. 48.
Kalas inscription of the Rashtrakuta Govinda IV.:--
Saka-varsha 851 Ineya Vikrita-samvatsarada Maghada
punnamey=Adityavaram=Aslesha- (sha)-nakshatrado(? )!
(? ) somagrahanam samanise tula-pu[rusham=i(?)] ldu
tatsamayadol.
S. 851 expired: A lunar eclipse, visible in
India, 12h. 12 m, after mean sunrise of Sunday, 17th
January, A. D. 930, when the nakshatra was Aslesha up
to 19 h. 42 m. after mean sunrise. By the mean-sign
system the year Vikrita lasted from the 27th
December, A. D. 928, to the 23rd December, A. D. 929,
and was therefore current at the commencement of S.
851 expired, but not on the day of the date. [By the
southern luni-solar system Vikrita would be S. 852
expired.]
8. -- S. 855. -- Ante, Vol. XII. p. 251. Sangli
copper-plate inscription of the Rashtrakuta Govinda
IV.:--
(L. 44).-- Sakanripa-kal-atita-samvatsara-sateshv=
ashtasu pamchapamchasad-adhikeshv amkato=pi
samvatsaranam 855 pravarttamana-Vijaya-samratsar-
amtarggata-Sravana-paurnna- masyam vare Guroh Purvva-
Bhadrapada-nakshattre.
In S. 855 expired, which by the southern
luni-solar system was Vijaya, Sravana was
intercalary, and the full-moon tithi of the second
Sravana ended on Thursday, 8th August, A. D. 933, 8
h. 9 m. after mean sunrise. On the same day the moon
entered Purva-bhadrapada, by the Brahma-siddhanta, 9
h. 51 m, after mean sunrise, and later by other
systems. [By the mean-sign system Vijaya had ended on
the 10th December, A. D. 932, before the commence-
ment of S. 855 expired.]
9. -- S. 873, -- Ante, Vol. XII. p. 257. Soratur
stone inscription of the Rashtrakuta Krishna III.:--
(L. 4). -- Sa(sa)kanripa-kal-akranta-samvatsara-
satamga [1*] 873 Virodhi(3)-samvatsarada Marggasira-
masada punnameyum=Adityavaramum Rohini(ni)-nakshatramum
so(so)magrahanad-andu.
S. 873 expired, which by the southern luni-solar
system was Virodhakrit: a lunar eclipse, visible in
India, 10 h. 22 m. after mean sunrise of Sunday, 16th
November, A. D. 951, when the nakshatra was Rohini up
to 12 h. 29 m. after mean sunrise. [By the mean-sign
system Virodhakrit had ended on the 26th September,
A. D. 950, before the commencement of S. 873
expired.]
______________________________
3 Clearly only an error of the writer or engraver for
Virodhakrit.
p. 115
10. -- S. 894. -- Ante, Vol. XII. p. 266. Karda
copper-plate inscription of the Rashtrakuta Kakkala
(Karka II.):--
(L.47). -- Sakanripa-kal-atita-sam(sam)vatsara-
sateshv=ashtasu chaturnna(rnna)vaty-adhikeshv=ankatah
sam(sam) vat 894 Angira(rah)-sam(sam)vatsar-antarggat-
a(t-)Asvayuja-paurnna-masyayam Vu(bu)dha-dine
somagrahana-mahaparvvani.
S. 894 expired, which by the southern luni-solar
system was Angiras: A lunar eclipse, visible in
Indin, on Wednesday, 25th September, A. D. 972, 16
h. 56 m. after mean sunrise. [By the mean-sign system
Angiras had ended on the 29th June, A. D. 971, before
the commencement of S. 894 expired.]
11. -- S. 939. -- As. Res. Vol. I. p. 363. Thana
copper-plate inscription of the Silahara
Arikesarin:--
`On the fifteenth of the bright moon of Cartica,
in the middle of the year Pingala, when nine hundred
and forty years, save one, are reckoned as past from
the time of King Saca, or, in figures, the year 939,
of the bright moon of Cartica 15..... the moon being
then full and eclipsed'...
S. 939 expired, which by the southern luni-solar
system was Pingala: a lunar eclipse, visible in
India, on the 6th November, A. D. 1017, 19 h. 23 m.
after mean sunrise.
12. S. 946. -- Ante, Vol. VIII. p. 18. Miraj
copper-plate inscription of the Western Chalukya
Jayasimha III.:--
Sakauripa-kal-atita-samvatsara-sateshu navasu
shatchatvarimsad-adhikeshv=amkatah samvat 946
Raktakshi-samvatsar-amtarrggata-Vaisakha-paurnnamasya
m=Adityavare.
S. 946 expired, which by the southern luni-solar
system was Raktaksha: Sunday 26th April, A.D. 1024;
the full-moon tithi ended 15 h. 31 m. after mean
sunrise.
13. -- S. 950.--Ante, Vol. IV. p. 278, and Vol.
XVIII. p. 379. Talgund Stone inscription of the
Western Chalukya Jayasimha III.: -
(L.S).-- Saka-varsha 950neya Vibhava-samvatsarada
Pushya-suddha 5 Somavarad=uttarayana-samkrantiy-
andu.
In S. 950 expired, which by the southern
luni-solar system was Vibhava, the
Uttarayana-samkranti took place 16 h. after mean
sunrise of Monday, 23rd December, A. D. 1028, during
the 5th tithi of the bright half which commenced 0 h.
47m, before mean sunrise of the same day and ended 1
h. after mean sunrise of Tuesday, 24th December, A.
D. 1028.
14. -- S. 980. -- Jour. Roy. As. Sec., O. S.,
Vol. IV. p. 281, and Cave-Temples of Western India,
p. 104. Copper-plate inscription of the Silahara
Marasimha:--
(L. 44). -- Sa(sa)kanripa-kal-atita-samvatsara-
sateshu asi(si)ty-adhika-nava-sateshv= amkeshu
pravarttatayiti Vilambi-samvatsare Pausha-masasya
suddha-pakshe saptamyam Brihaspativare
udagayana-parvvani.
In S. 980 expired, which by the southern
luni-solar system was Vilamba, the
Uttarrayana-samkranti took place 10 h. 18 m. after
mean sunrise of Thursday, 24th December, A. D. 1058,
during the 7th tithi of the bright half which ended
17 h. after mean sunrise of the same day.
15. -- S. 996. - Ante, Vol. X. p. 127. Bijapur
stone inscription of the Western Chalukya Somesvara
II. :--
(L. 10). -- Sa(sa)ka-varsham 996neya
Anamda-samvatsarada Pusya(shya)-su(su)dhdha- (ddha)
5 Bri(bri)haspativarad-amdiu=uttarayana-samkramti-
parwa-nimittam
In S. 996 expired, which by the sonthern
luni-solar system was Ananda, the Uttara-
yana-samkranti took place 12h. 3 m. after mean
sunrise of the 24th December, A. D. 1074,
p. 116
before the commencement of the 5th tithi; and the 5th
tithi of the bright half ended on Thursday, 25th
December, A. D. 1074, 15 h. 18 m. after mean sunrise.
16. --S. 999. -- Ante, Vol. XII. p. 209, No. 17.
Hulgur inscription of the Western Chalukya
Vikramaditya VI. and Jayasimha IV.: -
Sa(sa)kanrip-kal-atita-samvatsara-sa(sa)tamgalu
999 neya Pimgala-samvatsarada Ashada-(dha)-
su(su)ddha 2 Adityavara samkranti-pavitrarohanad-
amdu.
In S. 999 expired, which by the southern
luni-solar system was Pingala, the
Dakshinayana-samkranti took place 15 h. 2 m., and the
second tithi of the bright half ended 3 h. 37 m.
after mean sunrise of Sunday, 25th June, A. D. 1077.
17. -- S. 1037. -- Inscr. at Sravana Belgola, No.
47, p. 26. Date of the death of Megha-
chandra-traividyadeva:--
Sa(sa)ka-varsham 1037neya Manmatha-samvatsarada
Marggasira-su(su)ddha 14 Brihavaram...
S. 1037 expired, which by the southern luni-solar
system was Manmatha: Thursday, 2nd December, A. D.
1115; the 14th tithi of the bright half ended 14h.
53 m. after mean sunrise.
18. -- S. 1039. -- Inscr. at Bravana Belgola, No.
59, p. 57. A grant by the Dandanayaka Ganga-Raja,
confirmed by the Dandanayaka Echi-Raja: -
Sa(sa)ka-varsham 1039neya Hemanambi-samvatsarada
Phalguna-suddha 5 Somavarad- andu.
S. 1039 expired, which by the southern luni-solar
system was Hemalamba: Monday, 28th January, A.D.
1118; the 5th tithi of the bright half ended 20 h. 11
m. after mean sunrise.
19. -- S. 1045. -- Ante, Vol. XIV. p. 18. Date in
an Old-Kanarese inscription at Terdal:--
(L. 49). -- Sa(sa)ka-va[r*]sha 1045neya
Subhakri(kri)t(4)-samvatsarada Vaisakhada punnami
Bra(bri)haspativaradalu.
S. 1045 expired, which by the southern luni-solar
system was Sobhakrit(Sobhana): Thursday, 12th April,
A. D. 1123; the full-moon tithi ended 13 h. 23m,
after mean sunrise.
20. -- S. 1045. -- Inscr. at Sravana Belgola, No.
43, p. 18. Date of the death of Subhachandra:
Ban-ambhodhi-nabhas-sasanka-tulite jate Sak-abde tato
varshe Sobhakrit(d)-ahvaye vyupanate mase punas Sravane
pakshe krishna-vipaksha-varttini Site vare dasamyam tithau.
S. 1045 expired, which by the southern luni-solar
system was Sobhakrit(Sobhana): Friday, 3rd August, A. D.
1123; the 10th tithi of the bright half ended 17 h.
12 m. after mean sunrise.
21. -- S. 1076. -- Ante, Vol. XII. p. 209, No.
18. Hulgur inscription of the Western Chalukya Taila
III.: --
Sakanripa-kal-atita-satamgal 1076neya Bhava-
samvatsarada Asa(sha)da(dha)-su(su)ddha 5
Brihaspativarad-amdu.
S. 1076 expired, which by the southern luni-solar
system was Bhava: Thursday, 17th June, A.D. 1154; the
5th tithi Of the bright half ended 23 h. after mean
sunrise.
22. --S. 1078. -- Ante, Vol. XII. p. 209, No.24
Stone inscription of the Silahara Mallikarjuna, now
in the Hall of tile Bombay As. Soc.:--
________________
4 This is clearly an error for Sobhakrit.
p. 117
Sakanripa-kal-atita-samvatsara-sateshu dasa [su*]
ashtasaptaty-adhikeshu Saka-samvat 1078
Dhata-samvatsare Vaisakha-suddha-aksha[ya*]-tritiyayam
yugadi-parvvani Bhauma-dine Mrigasira-nakshatre.
S. 1078 expired, which by the southern luni-solar
system was Dhatri: Tuesday, 24th April, A. D. 1156;
the third tithi of the bright half ended 13 h. 58 m.,
and the nakshatra was Mrigasirsha up to 13 h, 47 m.
after mean sunrise.
23. -- S. 1081. -- Inscr. at Sravana Belgola, No.
138, P. 108. a grant by the Hoysala Narasimha I.:--
Ekasity-uttara-sahasra--Saka-varsheshu
gateshu Pramadi(thi)-samvatsarasya Pushya-masa-
suddha-Sukravara-chaturddasyam uttarayana-sankrantau.
In S. 1081 expired, which by the southern
luni-solar system was Pramathin, the
Uttarayana-samkranti took place 13 h. 31 m. after
mean sunrise of Friday, 25th December, A.D. 1159
during the 14th tithi of the bright half which ended
16 h, 48 m. after mean sunrise of the same day.
24. -- S. 1085. -- Inscr. at Sravana Belgola, No.
39, p. 8. Date of the death of Devakirti:--
Saka-varsha sasirada embhatt-aidaneya ||
varshe khyata-Subhanu-namani site pakshe tad-Ashadhake
mase tan-navami-tithau Budha-yute vare dines-odaye
S. 1085 expired, which by the southern luni-solar
system was Subhanu: Wednesday, 12th June, A. D. 1163;
the 9th tithi of the bright half ended 18 h. after
mean sunrise.
25. - 5. 1098. -- Ante, Vol. XVIII. p. 127.
Hulgur stone inscription of the Kalachuri Somesvara: -
(L. 35). -- Saka-varshada, 1096neya
Jaya-samvatsarada Margasirada punnami Adityavara
somagrahanad-andu.
S. 1096 expired, which by the southern luni-solar
system was Jaya: a lunar eclipse visible in India, on
Sunday, 10th November, A. D. 1174, 16 h. 14 m. after
mean sunrise.
26. -- S. 1114. -- Ante, Vol. II. p. 301. Gadag
stone inscription of the Hoysala Viraballala:--
(L. 43). -- Sakanripa-kal-atita-samvatsara-sateshu
chaturddas-adhikeshv=ekadasasu amkato= pi 1114
varttamana-Paridhavi-samvatsar-amtarggata-Marggasi(si)-
rsha-paurnnamasyam Sane(nai)scharavare somagrahae.
S. 1114 expired, which by the southern luni-solar
system was Paridhavin: a lunar eclipse, visible in
India, on Saturday, 21st November, A. D. 1192, 0 h.
56 m. after mean sunrise.
27.--S. 1121. -- Ante, Vol. XIX, p. 155. Gadag
stone inscription of the Hoysala Viraballala: -
(L. 31). -- Sakanripa-kal-atita-samvatsara-
satamgalu 1121neya Siddhartthi-samvatsarada pratham-
Ashada(dha)-sukla-paksh-ashtami-Brihaspativara-Bya(vya)
tipata-punya-dinadol = a Bya(vya)tipata- nimittam.
In S. 1121 expired, which by the southern
luni-solar system was Siddharthin, Ashadha was
intercalary by the Arya-siddhanta; and the 8th tithi
of the bright half of the first Ashadha ended 23 h.
32 m. after mean sunrise of Thursday, 3rd June, A. D.
1199, when the yoga was Vyatipata for about 14 h.
after mean sunrise.
28. -- S. 1145. -- Ante, Vol. XIX. p. 157. Kolar
stone inscription of the Devagiri-Yadava Singhana II.
: -
(L. 9). -- Saka-varusada(5) 1145de(da)neya
Svabhanu-saumvachchharada(6) dvitiya-Bhadra-
pada-sudhdha(7) 5 Su(su)kravarad-amdn.
________________
5 Read varshada.
6 Read samvatsarada.
7 Read suddha..
p. 118
In S. 1145 expired, which by the southern
luni-solar system was Subhanu, Bhadrapada was
intercalary; and the 5th tithi of the bright half of
the second Bhadrapada ended 7 h. 14 m. after mean
sunrise of Friday, 1st September, A.D. 1223.
29.-S 1156.-- Pali, Skr. and Old-Kan. Inscr. No.
87. Bijapur inscription of the Devagiri-Yadava
Singhana II.:--
`Saka 1156 (in figures, 1. 5), the Jaya
samvatsara; Vaddavara, the day of the full-moon of
the bright fortnight of Vaisakha.'
S. 1156 expired, which by the southern luni-solar
system was Jaya: Saturday, 15th April, A.D. 1234; the
full-moon tithi ended 12 h. 24 m. after mean sunrise.
30. -- S. 1156, -- Cave-Temples of West. India,
p. 99. Image inscription at Elura: -
(L. 1). -- Svasti sri Sake 1156 Jaya-savachhare
[Phalguna-sudha-tritia Budhe].
(L. 3) - Phalguna tritiyam Vu(bu)dhe.
S. 1156 expired, which by the southern luni-solar
system was Jaya: Wednesday, 21st February, A. D.
1235; the third tithi of the bright half ended 21 h.
36 m. after mean sunrise.
31. - S. 1158. -- From Dr. Fleet's impression
(Graham's Kolhapoor, p. 426, No. 13). Kolhapur stone
inscription of the Devagiri-Yadava Singhana II.:-
(L. 1). -- Svasti sri Saka 1158 varshe
Durmmukha-samvatsare Magha-suddha-purnna-masyam
tithau Soma-dine
(L. l4). --...some=pavi[ddhe?]...
S. 1158 expired, which by the southern luni-solar
system was Durmukha: A lunar eclipse, visible in
India, 21 h. 14 m. after mean sunrise of Monday, 12th
January, A. D. 1237.
32. - S. 1171. - Ante, Vol. VII. p. 304, and Vol.
XIX. p. 441. Chikka-Bagiwadi copper-plate inscription
of the Devagiri-Yadava Krishna:-
(L. 19). -- Ekasaptaty-uttara-sat-adhe(dhi)ka-
sahasra-samkhyeshu Sak-avde(bde)shv=atiteshu
pravarttamane saum(sau)mya-samvatsare tad-amta[r*]-
gat-Ashadha-paurnnamasyam Sanaischaravare
Purvashadh[a*]-nakshatre Vaidhriti-yoge itthambhuta-
pum(pu)nyakale.
S. 1171 expired, which by the southern luni-solar
system was Saumya: Saturday, 26th June, A. D. 1249;
the full-moon tithi ended 11 h. 33 m., and the
nakshatra was Purvashadha up to 6 h. 34 m., and the
yoga Vaidhriti up to 13 h. 26 m. after mean sunrise.
33. -- S. 1171, -- Ante, Vol, XIV. p. 69.
Bendigeri copper-plate inscription of the Devagiri-
Yadava Krishna:-
(L. 22).--Svasti sri-Saka-samvatsarasya
satadhika-sahasr-aikadhika-saptatyas=ch=anamtare
Saumye=bde Sravane masi sita-pakshe dvadasyam
Guruvare.
S. 1171 expired, which by the southern luni-solar
system was Saumya: Thursday, 22nd July, A. D. 1249;
the 12th tithi of the bright half ended 23 h. 5 m.
after mean sunrise.
34. -- S. 1187. -- From Dr. Fleet's impression.
Kolhapur pillar inscription of the Devagiri-Yadava
Mahadeva: -
(L. 8). -- Saka-varshe 1187
varttamana-Krodhana-samvatsare Magha-masa-purnnimayam
Sukra-dine.
S. 1187 expired, which by the southern luni-solar
system was Krodhana: Friday, 22nd January, A.D. 1266;
the full-moon tithi ended 14 h. 12 m. after mean
sunrise.
35. -- S. 1193. -- Ante, Vol. XIV. p. 317, and
Vol. XIX. p. 442. Paithan copper-plate inscription of
the Devagiri-Yadava Ramachandra:--
(L. 62). -- Sa(sa)ke cha ekadasasu
trinavaty-adhikeshv=atiteshu 1193 varttamana-
Prajapati-samvatsar-amtargata-Magha-suddha-dvadasyam
Vu(bu)dhe.
p. 119
S. 1193 expired, which by the southern luni-solar
system was Prajapati: Wednesday 13th January, A. D.
1272; the 12th tithi of the bright half ended 14 h.
48 m. after mean sunrise.
36. - S. 1194. -- From Dr. Fleet's impression
(Graham's Kolhapoor, p. 437, No. 15) Kolhapur stone
inscription of the Devagiri-Yadava Ramachandra:-
(L. 23). -- Saka-varsheshu 1194 ved-amka-Rudra-
pramiteshu vyatiteshu varttaman-Amgirah-[sam]vatsara-
Magha- purnnimayam somagrahana-parvani.
S. 1194 expired, which by the southern luni-solar
system was Angiras: A lunar eclipse, visible in
India, 13 h, 27 m. after mean sunrise of the 3rd
February, A. D. 1273.
37. -- S. 1200.--Inscr. at Sravana Belgola, No.
137, p. 105. Date of a private inscription:-- Svasti
sri-vijayabhudaya-Salivahana-saka-varsham 1200neya
Bahudhanya-samvatsarada Chaitra-suddha 1 Sukravara.
S. 1200 expired, which by the southern luni-solar
system was Bahudhanya: Friday, 25th March, A. D.
1278; the first tithi of the bright half ended 20 h.
24 m. after mean sunrise. [This was the day of the
Mesha-samkranti which took place, by the
Surya-siddhanta 16 h. 44 m., and by the
Arya-siddhanta 14 h. 45 m. after mean sunrise.]
38. -- S. 1227. -- From Dr. Fleet's impression.
Velapur stone inscription of the Devagiri- Yadava
Ramachandra:-
(L. 1).- Svasti sri Saku 1227 |
Visvavasu-samvachachha(tsa)re | Marga-su(su)dha(ddha)
5 Some.
S. 1227 expired, which by the southern luni-solar
system was Visvavasu: Monday, 22nd November, A. D.
1305; the 5th tithi of the bright half ended 3 h. 16
m. after mean sunrise.
39. -- S. 1301. -- Jour. Bo. As. Soc. Vol. XII.
p. 356. Dambal copper-plate inscription of Harihara
II. of Vijayanagara:--
Sak-abde Salivahasya sahasrena tribhih sataih |
ek-adhikais=cha ganite Siddharthe=bde subhe dine ||
Jye(jyai)shthyam Bhaume nisanath-oparage
S. 1301 expired, which by the southern luni-solar
system was Siddharthin: A lunar eclipse, visible in
India, on Tuesday, 31st May, A. D. 1379, 20 h. 52 m.
after mean sunrise.
40. -- S. 1301. -- Pali, Skr. and Old-Kan. Inscr.
No. 126; ante, Vol. XII. p. 214, No. 87. Harihar
stone inscription of Harihara II. of Vijayanagara:--
Sasi-kha-sikhi-chamdra-samite Sake
Sidhdha(ddha)rththi(rtthi)-samjnite ch=abde [I*]
Karttika-masasya sita-dvadasyam Bhaskare vare
[II*].
S. 1301 expired, which by the southern luni-solar
system was Siddharthin: Sunday, 23rd October, A. D.
1379; the 12th tithi of the bright half ended 9 h. 23
m. after mean sunrise.
41. -- S. 1332. -- Pali, Skr. and Old-Kan. Inscr.
No. 127; ante, Vol. XII. p. 214, No. 88. Harihar
stone inscription of Devaraya I. of Vijayanagara:--
Sake netr-agni-vahn-imdu-samkhye Vikru(kri)ti-
namake [I*]
varushe Nabhasya-dvadasyam suklayam Somavarake
[II*]
S. 1332 expired, which by the southern luni-solar
system was Vikrita: Monday, 11th August, A. D. 1410;
the 12th tithi of the bright half ended 21 h. 36 m.
after mean sunrise.
42.-S. 1353. -- Ante, Vol. II. p. 353. Date on
the colossal Jain statue at Karkala, in the South
Kanara District:--
p. 120
(L.5). -- Svasti sri-Sakabhupati-tri-sara-vahn-indau
Virodhyadikrid(8)-varshe Phalguna- Saumyavara-dhavala-
dhavala-sri-dvadasi-tithau......
(L. 14). -- Saka-varsha 1353...
S. 1353 expired, which by the southern luni-solar
system was Virodhakrit: Wednesday, 13th February,
A. D. 1432; the 12th tithi of the bright half ended
6h. after mean sunrise.
43. -- S. 1436, -- As. Res. Vol. XX. pp. 22 and
37. Krishnapura stone inscription of Krishnaraya of
Vijayanagara: -
Salivahana-saka 1436 . . . Bhava-samvatsara, Phalguna-
suddha 3, Sukravara.
S. 1436 expired, which by the southern luni-solar
system was Bhava: Friday, 16th February, A. D. 1515;
the third tithi of the bright half ended 22 h. after
mean sunrise.
44. -- S. 1450. -- Ep. Ind. Vol. I. p. 401.
Krishnapura stone inscription of Krishnaraya of
Vijayanagara: -
(L.41). -- Sake sardaihs=chaturbhihr(9)=dasabhir=
api sataih sammite Sarvadariny=
abdhe(10) Chaitr-akhya-mase sita-Madana-
tithau Jivavare=ryamarkshe |
S. 1450 expired, which by the southern luni-solar
system was Sarvadharin: Thursday, 2nd April, A. D.
1528; the 13th (Madana) tithi of the bright half
ended 16 h. 13 m., and the nakshatra was
Uttara-phalguni (the Aryamarksha) up to 12 h. 29 m.
after mean sunrise.
45. -- S. 1451, -- Ep. Ind. Vol. I. p. 399.
Krishnapura stone inscription of Krishnaraya of
Vijayanagara: -
(L. 1). -- Svasti sri-jayabhyudaya-Salivahanasaka-
varushamgalu 1451neya Virodhi- samvatsarada Vaisakha-
suda(ddha) 15 Sudalu (i. e. Sukravaradallu)...
(L. 22). - Virodhi-samvatsarada Vaisakha su 15
Sudrallu somagra(gra)hana-punya- kaladalu...
S. 1451 expired, which by the southern luni-solar
system was Virodhin: a lunar eclipse, visible in
India, on Friday, 23rd April, A. D. 1529, 14 h. 22 m.
after mean sunrise.
46. -- S. 1460. -- Ante, Vol. IV. p. 332, and
Vol. XII. p. 214, No. 96. Harihar stone inscription
of Achyutaraya of Vijayanagara: --
(L.15). -- Salivahana-nirnita-saka-varusa(rsha)-
kram-agate |
vyoma-tarkka-chatus-chamdra-samkhyaya
cha samanvite ||
Vilambi-namake varshe mase Karttika-
namani |
paurnamasyam site pakshe vare
Sasisutasya cha ||
Somoparaga-samaye...
S. 1460 expired, which by the southern luni-solar
system was Vilamba: A lunar eclipse, visible in
India, on Wednesday, 6th November, A. D. 1538, 15 h.
19 m. after mean sunrise.
47. -- S. 1476. -- Pali, Skr. and Old-Kan. Inscr.
No. 133; Mysore Inscr. No. 17, p, 25. Harihar
inscription of Sadasivadeva of Vidyanagari
(Vijayanagara):-
`Salivahana-Saka 1476 (in figures, 1. 4); Monday,
the fourteenth day of the bright fortnight of
Vaisakha.'
S.1476 expired,which by the southern luni-solar
system was Ananda: Monday, 16th April, A. D. 1554;
the 14th tithi of the bright half ended 17 h. 36 m.
after mean sunrise.
_____________
8 Read Virodhakrid.
9 Read sardhais=chaturbhir
10 Read dhariny=abde.
p. 121
48. -- S. 1506. -- Pali; Skr. and Old-Kan. Inscr.
No. 28; ante, Vol. XII. p. 213, No. 74. Devanhalli
copper-plate inscription of Rangaraya of Vijayanagara
:-
(L. 114). -- Khyat-amg-ambara-ban-emdu-ganite
Saka-vatsare |
vatsare Taran-abhikhye masi Karttika-
namani ||
Pakshe valakshe punyayam paurnimayam
mahatithau |
somoparaga-samaye...
S. 1506 expired, which by the southern
luni-solar system was Tarana: A lunar eclipse,
visible in India, on the 7th November, A. D. 1584,
23 h. 2 m. after mean sunrise.
49. -- S. 1543. -- Pali, Skr. and Old-Kan. Inscr.
No. 29; Mysore Inscr. No. 136, p. 248. Simogga
copper-plate inscription of Ramadeva of
Vijayanagara:--
`Saka 1543 ( in words; l. 18 of the first side;
veda, 3; ambudhi, 4; sara, 5; and kshoni, 1), the
Durmati samvatsara; Saturday, the third day of the
bright fortnight of Vaisakha.'
S. 1543 expired, which by the southern luni-solar
system was Durmati: Saturday, 14th April, A. D. 1621;
the third tithi of the bright half ended 19 h. 12 m.
after mean sunrise.
50. -- S.1556. -- Inscr. at Sravana Belgola, No.
84, p. 66 (and No. 140, p. 111). Stone inscription of
Chama Raja Vadeyar of Maisur:-
Sri-Salivahana-saka-varusha 1556neya Bhava-samvatsarada
Ashada(dha)-su 13 Sthiravara-Brahmayoga-dalu.
S. 1556 expired, which by the southern luni-solar
system was Bhava: Saturday, 28th June, A. D. 1634;
the 13th tithi of the bright half ended 22 h., and
the yoga was Brahman from 1 h. 13 m. after mean
sunrise.
51. -- S. 1644. -- Mysore Inscr. No. 168, p. 316.
Tonnur copper-plate inscription of Krishnaraja of
Maisur:--
`The Salivahana Saka year reckoned as veda,
arnava, ritu, kshiti(1644) having passed, the year
Subhakrit being current, in the month Margasira, full
moon, Tuesday, Brahma yoga, Ardra nakshatra, Balava
karana, .... the moon being eclipsed in the
constellation under which Ramanuja was born'...
S. 1644 expired, which by the southern luni-solar
system was Subhakrit: A lunar eclipse, visible in
India, 16 h. 33 m. after mean sunrise of Tuesday,
11th December, A. D. 1722, when the nakshatra was
Ardra from 5 h. 55, m., the yoga Brahman from 10 h.
23 m., and the karana Balava from 16 h. 33 m. after
mean sunrise.
52. -- S. 1650. -- Coorg Inscr. NO. 13, p. 20.
Abbimatha copper-plate inscription; date of a grant
of the Coorg Raja Dodda Virappa Vadeyar: -
Salivahana-saka-varusha 1650ne
Kilaka-samvatsarada Karttika-suddha 2 Budhavara-
dallu.
S. 1650 expired, which by the southern luni-solar
system was Kilaka: Wednesday, 23rd October, A. D.
1728; the second tithi: of the bright half ended 17
h. 12 m. after mean sunrise.
53. -- S. 1683. -- Pali, Skr. and Old-Kan. Inscr.
No. 37. Date in copper-plates from Maisur:-
`Salivahana-Saka 1683 (in figures; I. 1 of the
first side), the Vishu samvatsara; Monday the first
day of the bright fortnight of Chaitra.'
S. 1683 expired, which by the southern luni-solar
system was Vishu: Monday, 6th April, N. S., A. D.
1761; the first tithi of the bright half ended 6 h.
after mean sunrise. [The Mesha-samkranti took place
on the 9th April, A. D. 1761.]
p. 122
54.-- S. 1718.-- Coorg Inscr. No. 13, p. 20 (and
No. 14, p. 22). Abbimatha (and Mahadevapura)
copper-plate inscription of the Coorg Raja Vira
Rajendra, Vadeyar: -
Svasti sri-vijayabhyudaya-Salivahana-saka-varusha
1718ne varttamanake salluva Nala- samvatsarada
Chaitra-su 1 Bhargavara-dallu.
S. 1718 expired, which by the southern luni-solar
system was Nala: Friday, 8th April, N. S., A. D.
1796; the first tithi of the bright half ended 21 h.
10 m. after mean sunrise. [The Mesha-samkranti took
place on the 9th April, A. D. 1796.]
(b). -- Dates in Dark Fortnights.
[1.] -- Purnimanta Dates.(11)
55.-- S. 726. -- Ante, Vol. XI. p. 126, and Vol.
XVII. p. 141. Kanarese country copper- plate
inscription of the Rashtrakuta, Govinda III:-
(L. 1). -- Sakanripa-kal-atita-samvatsaramgal=elnur=
i(i)rpatt-arraneya Subhanu embha(mba) varshada Vaisa(sa)kha-
masa-krishua-paksha-panchame(mi)-Brihaspati(ti)varam.
S. 726 expired: Thursday, 4th April, A. D. 804;
the 5th tithi of the dark half of the purnimanta
VAisakha ended 7 h. 43 m. after mean sunrise. By the
mean-sign system the 4th April, A. D. 804, fell in
the year Subhanu which lasted from the 17th June, A.
D. 803, to the 12th June, A. D. 804. [The 5th tithi
of the dark half of the amanta Vaisakha ended 20 h.
41 m. after mean sunrise of Friday, 3rd May, A. D.
804; and by the southern luni-solar system S. 726
expired would be Tarana.]
56. -- S. 976. -- Pali, Skr., and Old-Kan. Inscr.
No. 158. Balagamve stone inscription of the Western
Chalukya Somesvara I.: -
`Saka 976 (in figures, 1. 15), the Jaya
samvatsara; Sunday, the day of the new-moon of the
dark fortnight of Vaisakha.'
S. 976 expired, which by the southern luni-solar
system was Jaya: Sunday, 10th April, A. D. 1054; the
15th tithi of the dark half of the purnimanta
Vaisakha ended 19 h. 37 m. after mean sunrise. [The
15th tithi of the dark half of the amanta Vaisakha
ended 6 h. 12 m. after mean sunrise of Tuesday, 10th
May, A. D, 1054, Compare below, No. 150.]
57. -- S. 1313. -- Jour. Bo. As. Soc. Vol.IV. p.
115. Copper-plate inscription of Harihara II. of
Vijayanagara:--
Sake trayodasadhika-trisatottara-sahasre gate
vartamana-Prajapati-samvatsare Vaisakha mase
krishna-pakshe amavasyayam Saumya-dine
suryoparaga-punyakale.
S. 1313 expired, which by the southern luni-solar
system was Prajapati: a solar eclipse, visible in
India, 5. h. 49 m. after mean sunrise of Wednesday,
5th April, A. D. 1391, which was the 15th of the dark
half of the purnimanta Vaisakha.
[2.] -- Amanta Dates.
58. -- S. 589. -- Inscr. Sanscrites du Cambodge,
p. 74; ante, Vol. XXI. p. 48. Stone inscription at
Vat Prey Vier(12):--
Yate kale Sakanam nava-tanu-vishayair=
Mmadhave shodas-ahe
Jivas=chape=ja-suryyo....... maitram=indur...
S. 589 expired: The 16th day of the lunar
Madhava(Vaisakha) was the 15th April, A. D. 667, when
the first tithi of the dark half of the amanta
Vaisakha ended 4 h. 28 m., and
____________________
11 The dates given under this heading will be
specially considered below.
12 For the full wording of this date and an exact
calculation of all its details see now M. A. Barth
in Inscr. Sanscrites de Campa et du Cambodge, p.
592. I give the date here, merely, because it is
the earliest available Saka date in a dark
fortnight which shews the amanta scheme of the
lunar month and admits of verification. For an even
earlier amanta date from Cambodia (of Saka 548),
see ante, Vol, XXI, p. 47.
p. 123
when the moon was in Anuradha (the Maitra nakshatra)
up to about 22 h. 20 m. after mean sunrise. On the
same day the sun was in the sign Aja (Mesha), which
it had entered on the 20th March, and Jupiter was in
Chapa (Dhanuh), having entered that sign on the 20th
January, A. D. 667.
59. -- S. 788. -- Ante, Vol. XII. p. 219, and
Vol. XVII. p. 142. Sirur stone inscription of the
Rashtrakuta Amoghavarsha (Sarva):-
(L. 15). -- Sakanripa-kal-atita-samvatsarangal
el-nur=enbhatt-entaneya Vyayam emba samvatsaram
pravarttise srimad-Amoghavarsha-Nripatunga-nam-ankitana
vijaya-rajya-pravardhamana-samvatsarangal avyatt-eradum
uttar-ottaram rajy-abhivriddhi salutt-ire.. Jyeshtha-
masad=amaseyum Adityavaram age suryyagrahanad-andu.
S. 788 expired: A solar eclipse, visible in
India, 9 h. 4 m. after mean sunrise of Sunday, 16th
June, A. D. 866. This day fell in the year Vyaya by
both systems; for by the mean-sign system Vyaya
lasted from the 23rd September, A. D. 865, to the
19th September, A. D. 866; and by the southern
luni-solar system Vyaya was S.788 expired.
60. -- S. 810. -- Ante, Vol, XIII. p. 69, and
Vol. XVIII, p. 90. Bagumra copper-plate inscription
of the Rashtrakuta Mahasamantadhipati Krishnaraja II.
of Gujarat: --
(Plate ii. b, 1. 11). -- Sakanripa-kal-atita-
samvatsara-sateshv=ashtasu das-ottareshu Chaitre=
mavasya[yam] suryagrahana-parvani.
S. 810 expired: A solar eclipse, visible in
India, 2 h. 40 m. after mean sunrise of the 15th
April, A. D. 888.
61. - S. 867. -- ante, Vol. I. p. 209. Salotgi
stone inscription of the reign of the Rashtrakuta
Krishna III.: -
(L.3). -- Saka-kalad=gat-avda(bda)nam
sasaptadhikashashtishu
sateshv=ashtasu tavatau samanam=ankato=pi cha
varttamane Plavang-avde(bde)...
(L.45).-- Purvvokte varttaman-avde(bde) mase
Bhadrapade=mchite
pitri-parvvani tasy=aiva Kujavarena samyute
suryyagrahana-kale tu madhyage cha divakare.
S. 867 expired: A solar eclipse, visible in
India, 6 h. 18 m. after mean sunrise of Tuesday, 9th
September, A. D. 945. The year Plavanga, by the
mean-sign system, did not commence till the 17th
October, A. D. 945, and it is therefore clear that
the donation, to which the date in line 45 refers,
was made some time before the date, referred to in
line 3, when the inscription was put up. [By the
southern luni-solar system Plavanga would be S. 869
expired.]
62. -- S. 867. -- Ante, Vol. VII. p. 16, and Vol.
XIX. p. 102. Date of the accession of the Eastern
Chalukya Amma II., from a copper-plate inscription of
his: -
(L.31).--Giri-rasa-vasu-samkhy-abde Saka-samaye
Marggasirsha-mase=smin [I*]
krishna-trayodasa-dine Bhriguvare Maitra-
nakshatre ||
Dhanushi ravau ghata-lagne dvadasa-varsha-
(rshe) tu janmanah . . . .
S. 867 expired: Friday, 5th December, A. D. 945;
the 13th tithi of the dark half ended 10 h. 8 m., and
the nakshatra was Anuradha (the Maitra nakshatra) up
to 7 h. 53 m. after mean sunrise; and the sun was in
the sign Dhanuh which it had entered on the 23rd
November, A. D. 945.
63. -- S. 893. -- Ante, Vol. XII. p. 256.
Adaragunchi stone inscription of the Rashtrakuta
Kottiga (Khotika): -
(L.7). -- Sa(sa)kanripa-kal-atita-samvachchha(tsa)ra-
sa(sa)tangal=entu nura tombhatta-muraneya Prajapati-
sa[m*]vachchha(tsa)ram saluttam-ire tad(d-)va(-va)rsh-
abhya(bhya)-ntarad=Ashva(sva)yujad=amavase Adityavara
suryyagrahana.
p. 124
S. 893 expired, which by the southern luni-solar
system was Prajapati: A solar eclipse, visible in
India, 2 h. 49 m. after mean sunrise of Sunday, 22nd
October, A. D. 971. [By the mean-sign system
Prajapati had ended on the 3rd July, A. D. 970,
before the commencement of S. 893 expired.]
64. -- S. 904. -- Inscr. at Sravana Belgola, No.
57, p. 55; ante, Vol. XX. p. 35. Date of the death of
the Rashtrakuta Indraraja:--
Vanadhi-nabho-nidhi-pramita-samkhye(khya-)Sak-
avanipala-kalamam neneyise Chitrabhanu
parivarttise Chaitra-sitetar-ashtami- |
dina-yuta-Somavaradol...
S. 904 expired, which by the southern luni-solar
system was Chitrabhanu: Monday, 20th March, A. D.
982; the 8th tithi of the dark half ended 22 h. 58 m.
after mean sunrise. [By the mean-sign system
Chitrabhanu had ended on the 18th May, A. D. 981,
before the commencement of S. 904 expired.--The
Mesha-samkranti took place on the 23rd March, A. D.
982.]
65. -- S. 972. -- Ante, Vol. XII. p. 202, and
Vol. XVIII. p. 91. Surat copper-plate inscription of
the Chaulukya Trilochanapala of Latadesa:-
(Plate iii, 1. 3). --Sake nava-sa(sa)tair=yukte
dvisaptaty-adhike tatha [1*]
Vikrite vatsare Paushe mase pakshe
cha tama(ma)se ||
Amavasya-tithau surya-parvvany=
Angaravarake [l*]
S. 972 expired, which by the southern luni-solar system
was Vikrita: a solar eclipse, visible in India, 10 h.
11 m. after mean sunrise of Tuesday, 15th January, A.
D. 1051.
66. -- S. 991. -- Ep. Ind. Vol. 11. p. 227.
Vaghli stone inscription of the reign of the Yadava
Seunachandra II.:-
(L. 9).-- Rupa-Namd-amka-tulye tu 991
Saka-kalasya bhupatau [I*]
Saumya-samvatsar-Ashadha-ravigrahana-parvvani ||
S. 991 expired, which by the southern luni-solar
system was Saumya: A solar eclipse, visible in India,
0 h. 31 m. after mean sunrise of the 21st July, A.
D. 1069.
67. -- S. 1047. -- Ante, Vol XII, p. 212, No. 56.
Narendra inscription of the Western Chalukya
Vikramaditya VI.: -
Saka-varsham 1047neya Visva(sva)vasu-samvatsarada
[Bha]drapada-ba 13 Sukravara mahatithi-yugadiy-amdu.
S. 1047 expired, which by the southern luni-solar
system was Visvavasu: Friday, 28th August, A. D.
1125; the 13th tithi of the dark half ended 16 h. 9
m. after mean sunrise.
68. -- S. 1050. -- Inscr. at Sravana Belgola, No.
54, p. 47. Date of the death of Malishena:-
Sake sunya-sar-ambar-avani-mite samvatsare Kilake
mase Phalgunike tritiya-divase vare 'site Bhaskare |
Svatau...... madhyahne....
S. 1050 expired, which by the southern luni-solar
system was Kilaka: Sunday, 10th March, A. D. 1129;
the third tithi of the dark half ended 21 h. 16 m.,
and the nakshatra was Svati up to 15 h. 46 m. after
mean sunrise.
69. -- S. 1096. -- Ante, Vol. XVIII, p. 127.
Hulgur stone inscription of the Kalachuri Somesvara:
(L. 40). -- Saka-varshada 1096neya
Jaya-samvatsarada Margasira-bahulad=ama(ma)vasye
Mangalavara suryagrahanad-andu.
p. 125
S. 1096 expired, which by the southern luni-solar
system was Jaya: A solar eclipse, visible in India, 6
h. after mean sunrise of Tuesday, 26th November, A.
D. 1174.
70. -- S. 1112. -- Ante, Vol. XII. p. 209, No.
25. A Kolhapur inscription of the Silahara Bhoja II.:-
(L. 2). -- Sakanripa-kalad=arabhya varsheshu
dvadasottara-satadhika-sahasreshu nivritteshu
varttamana-Sadharana-samvatsarantarggata-Pushya-babula-
dvadasyam Bhaumavare bhanor=uttarayana-samkramana-
parvvani.
In S. 1112 expired, which by the southern
luni-solar system was Sadharana, the
Uttarayana-samkranti took place 14 h. 2 m. after mean
sunrise of Tuesday, 25th December, A. D. 1190, during
the 12th tithi of the dark half which ended 19 h. 7
m. after mean sunrise of the same day. [For another,
irregular date in the same inscription see below, No,
191.]
71. -- S. 1113. -- From Dr. Fleet's impression.
Gadag stone inscription of the Devagiri-Yadava
Bhillama: -
(L.13). -- Sakanripa-kal-atita-samvatsara-sateshu
trayodasadhikeshv=ekadasasu varttamana- Virodhakrit-
samvatsar-amtargata-Jyeshth-amavasyayam=Adityavare
suryagrahane.
S. 1113 expired, which by the southern luni-solar
system was Virodhakrit: A solar eclipse, visible in
India, 10 h. 29 m. after mean sunrise of Sunday, 23rd
June, A. D. 1191.
72. - S. 1113. -- Pali, Skr. and Old-Kan. Inscr.
No. 109. Chaudadampur inscription of the Great
Chieftain Vira-Vikramaditya of the lineage of
Chandragupta, and his Nayaka
Khandeya-Kara-Kameyanayaka:-
`Saka 1113 (in figures, l. 72), the Virodhikrit
samvatsara; the day of the new-moon of Margasirsha;
at the time of an eclipse of the sun.'
S. 1113 expired, which by the southern luni-solar
system was Virodhakrit: A solar eclipse, visible in
India, 5 h. 59 m. after mean sunrise of the 18th
December, A. D. 1191.
73. -- S. 1137. -- Pali, Skr. and Old-Kan. Inscr.
No. 201. Balagamve stone inscription of the
Devagiri-Yadava Singhana II.:-
`Saka 1137 (in figures, 1. 23), the Yuva
samvatsara, Thursday, the day of the new-moon of
Bhadrapada.'
S. 1137 expired, which by the southern luni-solar
system was Yuvan: Thursday, 24th September, A. D.
1215; the 15th tithi of the dark half ended 21 h. 36
m, after mean sunrise.
74. -- S. 1189. - Ante, Vol. XVIII. p. 128.
Hulgur stone inscription of the Devagiri- Yadava
Mahadeva: -
(L. 15). -- Saka-varshada 1189neya
Prabhava-samvatsarada Jyeshtha-ba 30 Budhavara
suryagrahanad-andu.
In S. 1189 expired, which by the southern
luni-solar system was Prabhava, Jyaishtha was
intercalary; and there was a solar eclipse, visible
in India, 8 h. 35 m. after mean sunrise of Wednesday,
25th May, A. D. 1267, which was the 15th of the dark
half of the first Jyaishtha.
75. -- S. 1235. -- Inscr. at Sravana Belgola, No.
41, p. 11. Date of the death of Subhachandra:-
Panchtrimsat-samyuta-satadvay-adhika-sahasra-
nuta-varsheshu |
vritteshu Saka-nripasya tu kale vistirnna-vilasad-
arnnavanemau ||
Pramadi-vatsare mase Sravane tanum atyajat |
Vakre krishna-chaturddasyam Subhachandro mahayatih||
p. 126
S. 1235 expired, which by the southern luni-solar
System was Pramadin: Tuesday, 21st August, A. D.
1313; the 14th tithi of the dark half ended 15 h. 36
m. after mean sunrise.
76. -- S. 1295. -- Ante, Vol. XXI. p. 48. Date in
an inscription from Java: -
Sakavarshatita 1295, Asujimasa, tithi trayodasi
krishnapaksha... Su-vara (i.e. Sukra-vara).
S. 1295 expired: Friday, 14th October, A. D.
1373; the 13th tithi of the dark half ended 20 h. 49
m. after mean sunrise.
77. -- S. 1307. -- Hultzsch, South-Ind. Inscr.
Vol. I. p. 157. Inscription on a lamp-pillar at
Vijayanagara:-
(L. 36). -- Saka-varshe 1307 pravarttamane
Krodhana-vatsare Phalguna-mase krishnapakshe
dvititayam tithau Sukravare.
S. 1307 expired, which by the southern luni-solar
system was Krodhana: Friday, 16th February, A. D.
1386; the second tithi of the dark half commenced 0
h. 17 m. before mean sunrise of this Friday and ended
0 h. 43 m. after mean sunrise of the following day.
78. -- S. 1331. -- Inscr. at Sravana Belgola, No.
106, p. 80. Date of a private inscription:-
Saka-varusha 1331neya Virodhi-samvatsarada
Chaitra-ba 5 Gu (i. e. Guruvara).
S. 1331 expired, which by the southern luni-solar
system was Virodhin: Thursday, 4th April, A. D. 1409;
the 5th tithi of the dark half ended 23 h. 22 m.
after mean sunrise.
79. -- S. 1565. -- Inscr. at Sravana Belgola, No.
142, p. 112. Date of the death of Charukirti:-
Sri-Sakavarusha 1565neya
Srimach-Charu-sukirti-pandita-yatih Sobhanu-samvatsare
mase Pushya-chatuddasi-tithi-vare krishne supakshe mahan|
madhyahne vara-Mula-bhe cha(?)karane Bharggavyavare
Dhri(dhru)ve
yoge svargga-puram jagama matiman(mams=)traividya-
chakresvarah ||
S. 1565 expired, which by the southern luni-solar
system was Subhanu: Friday, 29th December (the day of
the Uttarayana-samkranti), A. D. 1643; the 14th tithi
of the dark half and the karana Sakuni ended 19 h. 54
m., and the nakshatra was Mula up to 11 h. 10 m., and
the yoga Dhruva up to 5 h. 16 m. after mean sunrise.
80. -- S. 1731. -- Inscr. at Sravana Belgola, No.
72, p. 61, Date of the death of Aditakirtideva:-
Salivahana-sakabdah 1731neya Sukla-nama-samvatsarada
Bhadrapada-ba 4 Budhavaradalli.
S. 1731 expired, which by the southern luni-solar
system was Sukla: Wednesday, 27th September, N. S.,
A. D. 1809; the 4th tithi of the dark half ended 19
h. 36 m. after mean sunrise.
81. -- S. 1739. -- Coorg Inscr. No. 17, p. 25.
Merkara copper-plate inscription of the Coorg Raja
Linga Rajendra Vadeyar:-
Salivahana-saka-varsha 1739ney Isvara-samvatsarada
Jeshtha-bahula bidigeyu Bhanuvarakke Kali-dina 1796
392 ne...
S. 1739 expired, which by the southern luni-solar
system was Isvara: Sunday, 1st June, N. S., A. D.
1817, which was the day of the Kaliyuga 1796 392; the
second tithi of the dark half ended 11 h. 12 m. after
mean sunrise.
p. 127
[The same inscription also has the date:
Vikrama-samvatsarada Chaitra-suddha dvadasiyu
Bhanuvarada varige varusha 2 tingalu 9 dina 25
Kali-dina 1797 421ne, corresponding, for S. 1742
expired = Vikrama, to Sunday, 26th March, N. S., A.
D. 1820, which was the day of the Kaliyuga 1797 421.]
82. -- S. 1748. -- Inscr. at Sravana Belgola, No.
98, p. 74. Date from the reign of Krishnaraja Vadeyar
of Maisur:-
Salivahana-saka-varusha 1748neya sanda
varttamanakke saluva Vyaya-nama-samvatsarada
Phalguna-ba 5 Bhanuvaradalu.
S. 1748 expired, which by the southern luni-solar
system was Vyaya: Sunday, 18th March, N. S., A. D.
1827; the 5th tithi of the dark half ended 3 h. 12 m.
after mean sunrise.
2. Dates in Current Years.
(a). - Dates in Bright Fortnights.
83. -- S. 1032. -- Jour. Bo. As. Soc. Vol.
XIII. p. 3. Talalen copper-plate inscription of the
Silahara Gandaradityadeva: -
Sakanripa-kal-atita-dvatrimsad-uttara-sahasre
Virodhi-samvatsare Magha-suddha-dasamyam Mamgalavare.
S. 1032 current, which by the southern luni-solar
system was Virodhin:Tuesday, 1st February, A. D.
1110; the 10th tithi of the bright half ended 11 h.
58 m. after mean sunrise.
[The same inscription contains the date:
tat-samvatsar-oparitana-Vikrita-samvatsara
Vaisakha-paurnamsyam somagrahana-parvani,
corresponding, for S. 1053 current, which by the
southern luni-solar system was Vikrita, to the 5th
May, A. D. 1110, when there was a lunar eclipse,
visible in India, 21 h. 57 m. after mean sunrise.]
84. -- S. l051. -- Ante, Vol. XII. p. 212, No,
57. an Inglesvar inscription of the Western Chalukya
Somesvara III.: -
Sakha(ka)-varusha 1051neya Kilaka-samvatsarada
Karttika-paurnnamaseyol somagra- hana-nimittam.
S. 1051 current, which by the southern luni-solar
system was Kilaka: A lunar eclipse, visible in India,
20 h. after mean sunrise of the 8th November, A. D.
1128.
85.-S. 1065. -- Ante, Vol. XIX. p. 317. Miraj
stone inscription of the Silahara Vijayadityadeva:-
(L. 19). --[Saka]-varsha 1065neya
Dumdubhi-samvatsarada Bhadrapada-su(su)dhdha-
(ddha)2(altered to 6) Sukravarad-amdu.
S. 1065 current, which by the southern luni-solar
system was Dundubhi: Friday, 28th August, A. D. 1142;
the 6th tithi of the bright half ended 12 h. 33 m.
after mean sunrise.
86. -- S. 1065, -- From Dr. Fleet's impression.
Kolhapur stone inscription of the Silahara
Vijayadityadeva:-
(L. 16). -- Saka-varsheshu
pamchashashty-uttara-sahasra-pramiteshv=atiteshu
pravartta-
mana-Dumdubhi-samvatsara-Magha-masa-paurnnamasyam
Somavare somagrahana-parrvva- nimittam.
S. 1065 current, which by the southern luni-solar
system was Dundubhi: A Lunar eclipse, visible in
India, 17 h. 23 m. after mean sunrise of Monday, 1st
February, A. D. 1143.
87. -- S. 1068. -- Inscr. at Sravana Belgola, No.
50, p. 33. Date of the death of Prabha-
chandra-siddhantadeva:
Sa(sa)ka-varsham 1068neya Krodhan-samvatsarada
Asvija-su(su)ddha-dasami Brihavarad-andu
Dhanur-llagnada purvvahnad [a].
p. 128
S. 1068 current, which by the southern luni-solar
system was Krodhana: Thursday, 27th September, A. D.
1145; the 10th tithi of the bright half ended 16 h.
26 m. after mean sunrise.
88. -- S. 1073. -- From Dr. Fleet's impression.
Bamani stone inscription of the Silahara
Vijayadityadeva: -
(L. 12). -- Saka-varsheshu
trisaptaty-uttara-sahasra-pramiteshv=atiteshu
amkato=pi 1073 pravarttamana-Pramoda-samvatsara-Bhad
rapada-paurnnamasi-Sukravare somagrahana- parvva-
nimittam.
S. 1073 current, which by the southern luni-solar
system was Pramoda: A lunar eclipse, visible in
India, 20 h. 6 m. after mean sunrise of Friday, 6th
September, A. D. 1150.
89. -- S. 1099. -- Inscr. at Sravana Belgola, No.
42, p. 14. Date of tile death of Nayakirtideva: -
Sake randhra-nava-dyu-chandramasi Durmmukhy-akhya-
samvatsare
Vaisakhe dhavale chaturddasa-dine vare cha
Suryatmaje |
purvvahne prahare gate 'rddha-sahite...
S. 1099 current, which by the southern luni-solar
system was Durmukha: Saturday, 24th April, A. D.
1176; the 14th tithi of the bright half ended 15 h.
after mean sunrise.
90. -- S. 1127. -- Jour. Bo. As. Sec. Vol. X. p.
236. Kalholi Jain temple inscription of the Ratta
chiefs Kartavirya IV. and Mallikarjuna:--
`In the Saka year 1127, the Raktakshi samvatsara,
on Saturday, the second lunar day of the bright
fortnight of the month Paushya, at the time of the
sun's commencement of his progress to the north.'
In S. 1127 current, which by the southern
luni-solar system was Raktaksha, the second tithi of
the bright half of Pausha ended 4 h. 32 m., and the
Uttarayana-samkranti took place 4 h. 59 m. after mean
sunrise of Saturday, 25th December, A. D. 1204.
91. -- S. 1131. -- Ante, Vol. XIX. p. 247. Bhoj
copper-plate inscription of the Ratta chief
Kartavirya IV.: -
(L. 97). -- Sakanripa-kalasy=aikatri(tri)msad-
uttara-sat-adhika-sahasratamasya Vibha-
va-samvatsarasya Karttika-masasya sukla-dvadasyam
Budhavara-samanvitayam.
S. 1131 current, which by the southern luni-solar
system was Vibhava: Wednesday, 22nd October, A. D.
1208; the 12th tithi of the bright half ended 12 h.
45 m, after mean sunrise.
92. -- S. 1197. -- Pali, Skr. and Old-Kan. Inscr.
No. 236; Mysore Inscr. No. 120, p. 219. Halebid
memorial tablet: -
`Saka 1197 (in figures, 1. 8), the Bhava
samvatsara; Wednesday, the twelfth day of the bright
fortnight of Bhadrapada.'
S. 1197 current, which by the southern luni-solar
system was Bhava: Wednesday, 15th August, A. D. 1274;
the 12th tithi of the bright half ended 20 h. 11 m.
after mean sunrise.
93. -- S. 1198. -- From Dr. Fleet's impression,
Sidnurle inscription of the Devagiri- Yadava
Ramachandra:--
(L. 13). -- Saka-varsheshu 1199
ramdhr-amka-Rudra-pramiteshu gateshu varttamana-
Dhatri-samvatsar-am(a)ntargata-Sravana-purnnimayam
Soma-dine yajnopavita-parvani.
S. 1199 current, which by the southern luni-solar
system was Dhatri: Monday, 27th July, A. D. 1216; the
full-moon tithi ended 4h. 58 m. after mean sunrise.
94. -- S. 1205. -- Inscr. at Sravana Belgola, No.
129, p. 97. Date of a private inscription: -
Sa(sa)ka-varsham 1205neya Chitrabhanu-samvatsara
Sravana-su 10 Bridandu.
p. 129
S. 1205 current, which by the southern luni-solar
system was Chitrabhanu: Thursday, 16th July, A. D.
1282; the 10th tithi of the bright half ended 20 h.
16 m. after mean sunrise.
95. -- S. 1295. -- Inscr. at Sravana Belgola, No.
111, p. 86. Date of a private inscription: --
Saka-varsha 1295
Paridhavi-samvatsara-Vaisakha-suddha 3 Budhavara.
S. 1295 current, which by the southern luni-solar
system was Paridhavin: Wednesday, 7th April, A. D.
1372; the third tithi of the bright half ended 11 h.
3 m. after mean sunrise.
96. -- S. 1355. -- Inscr. at Sravana Belgola, No.
108, p. 85. The tomb of the Jaina Srutamuni was set
up:-
Ishu-sara-sikhi-vidhu-mita-saka-Paridhavi-sarad-
dvitiyag-Ashadhe |
sita-navami-Vidhudin-odayajushi sa-Visakhe
pratishthit=eyam=iha |
In S. 1355 current, which by the southern
luni-solar system was Paridhavin, Ashadha was
intercalary;(l3) and the 9th tithi of the bright half
of the second Ashadha ended 4 h. 11 m. after mean
sunrise of Monday, 7th July, A. D. 1432, when the
nakshatra was Visakha up to 17 h. 4 m. after mean
sunrise.
97. -- S. 1455. -- Ante, Vol. V. p. 19. Badami
inscription of the time of Achyutaraya of
Vijayanagara:-
(L.4).--Svasti sri-jayabhyudaya-Salivahana-saka-
varsha 1455neya Namdana-samvat sarada Je(jye)shtha-
su 5 Guruvaradalu.
S. 1455 current, which by the southern luni-solar
system was Nandana: Thursday, 9th May, A. D. 1532;
the 5th tithi of the bright half ended 20 h. 24 m.
after mean sunrise.
(b). --Dates in Dark Fortnights.
[1.] -- Purnimanta Dates: None.
[2.] -- Amanta Dates.
98. - S. 948.--Ante, Vol. XVII. p. 120 (and Vol.
XVI. p. 43). Kalas-Budrakh copper plate inscription of
the Yadava Bhillama III.: -
(L. 14). -- Sakanripa-kal-atita-samvatsara-steshu
navasv=ashtachatvari[m*]sad-adhik[e*]- shv=amkato=pi
|| 948 ||
Krodhana-samvatsara-Karttika-samjat-adityagrahane.
S. 948 current, which by the southern luni-solar
system was Krodhana: a solar eclipse, visible in
India, 2 h. 36 m. after mean sunrise of the 23rd
November, A. D. 1025.
99. -- S. 1043. -- Inscr. at Sravana Belgola, No.
49, p. 28. Date of the death of Demiyyaka: -
Sa(sa)ka-varusha 1042neya Vikari-samvatsarada
Phaguna-bahula 11 Brihavarad-andu.
S. 1042 current, which by the southern luni-solar
system was Vikarin: Thursday, 26th February, A. D.
1120; the 11 th tithi of the dark half ended 21 h.
42 m. after mean sunrise.
100. -- S. 1104. -- Ante, Vol. XIV. p. 19. Date
in an Old-Kanarese stone inscription at Terdal:--
(L. 59). -- Sa(sa)ka-varsham 1104neya
Plava-samvatsarada Asvayuja-bahula 3 Adivaradalu.
S. 1104 current, which by the southern luni-solar
system was Plava: Sunday, 27th September, A. D. 1181;
the third tithi of the dark half ended 16 h. 5 m.
after mean sunrise.
______________
13 Sec ante, Vol. XIX. p. 356, No. 157.
p. 130
101. -- S. 1110. -- Ante, Vol. XII. p. 97.
Toragal inscription of the Mahamandalesvara Barma:-
(L. 33). -- Sa(sa)ka-varsham 1110neya
Plavamga-samvatsarada Pusya(shya)-bahula 10
Vaddavarav=uttarayana-samkramana-vyatipatadalu.
In S. 1110 current, which by the southern
luni-solar system was Plavanga, the
Uttarayana-samkranti took place 19 h. 25 m. after
mean sunrise of Friday, 25th December, A. D. 1187,
during the 10th tithi of the dark half, which ended
15 h. 5 m. after mean sunrise of Saturday, 26th
December, A. D. 1187.
102. -- S. 1136. -- Jour. Bo. As. Soc. Vol. XII.
p. 7; ante, Vol. XIX. p. 440. Khedrapur stone
inscription of the Devagiri-Yadava Singhana II.:--
(L. 8). -- Sri-Saka-varshe 1136
Srimukha-samvatsare Chaitre surya-parba(rva)ni
Soma-dine.
S. 1136 current, which by the southern luni-solar
system was Srimukha: A solar eclipse, visible in
India, 10 h. 52 m. after mean sunrise of Monday, 22nd
April, A. D. 1213. [The same date in a Halebid
inscription of the Hoysala, Viraballala, Pali, Skr.
and Old-Kan. Inscr. No. 234.]
103. -- S. 1151. -- Arch. Survey of West. India,
Vol. III. p. 113; Jour. Bo. As. Soc. Vol. X. p. 282.
Date in an Old-Kanarese stone inscription of the
Ratta chief Lakshmideva at Saundatti:-
(L. 64). -- Saka-varsham 1151neya
Sarvvadhari-samvatsarada Ashadhad=ama(ma)vase
Somavarad=amdina
sarvvagrasi-suryyagrahanad=uttama-tithiyol.
S. 1151 current, which by the southern luni-solar
system was Sarvadharin: A total solar eclipse,
visible in India, 6 h. 3 m. after mean sunrise of
Monday, 3rd July, A. D. 1228.
104. -- S. 1172. -- Ante, Vol. XXI. p. 201,
Kanchipura Ekamranatha stone inscription of
Ganapati:-
(L.13). -- Sakabde tu dvisaptaty-adhika-Siva-sata-
khyata-samkhyana-mane
Saumy-abde Sreshtha-mase bahula-Hari-dine
Bhaumavare same=hni |
S. 1172 current, which by the southern luni-solar
system was Saumya: Tuesday, 8th June, A. D. 1249; the
11th (Hari) tithi of the dark half ended 13 h. 23 m.
after mean sunrise.
105. -- S. 1175.-- Mysore Inscr, No. 171, p. 322.
Bangalore Museum copper-plate inscription of the
Hoysala Somesvara:--
`The Saka year 1175, the year Paridhavin, the
month Phalguna, new-moon day, during an eclipse of
the sun.'
S. 1175 current, which by the southern luni-solar
system was Paridhavin: A solar eclipse, visible in
India, 10 h. 50 m. after mean sunrise of the 1st
March, A. D. 1253.
3. -- Dates in Expired or Current Years.(14)
[1.] --A Purnimanta Date.
106. -- S. 534.--Ante, Vol. VI. p. 73; Vol. XVI.
p. 109; Vol. XVII. p. 141; and Vol. XX. p. 3.
Haidarabad copper-plate inscription of the Western
Chalukya Pulikesin II.: -
(L. 11). -- atmanah pravarddhamana-rajyabhisheka-
samvatsare tritye Sakanripati-samvat- sara-sateshu
chatustrims-adhikeshu panchasv=atiteshu
Bhadrapad-amavasyayam suryyagrahana-nimittam.
_________
14 The question as to which of the possible
equivalents of the original date should be regarded
to be its true equivalent will be considered below.
p. 131
S. 534 current: A partial solar eclipse, not
visible in India, 21h. 17 m. after mean sunrise of
the 13th August, A. D. 611, which was the 15th of the
dark half of the purnimanta Bhadrapada.
S. 534 expired: A total solar eclipse, not
visible in India, 14 h. 15 m. after mean sunrise of
the 2nd August, A. D. 612, which also was the 15th of
the dark half of the purnimanta Bhadrapada.
[2.] -- Amanta Dates.
107. -- S. 716. -- From Dr. Fleet's impression.
Paithan copper-plate inscription of the Rashtrakuta
Govinda III.: -
(L. 60). -- Sakanripa-kal-atita-samvatsara-
sa(sa)teshu saptamu(su) je(sho)das-othareshu
Vaisakha-va(ba)hul-amavasyam=adityagrahana-parvvani.
S. 716 current: A circular solar eclipse, not
visible in India, 17 h. 16 m. after mean sunrise of
the 14th May, A. D. 793, which was the 15th of the
dark half of the amanta Vaisakha.
S. 716 expired: A total solar eclipse, visible in
India, 3 h. 48 m. after mean sunrise of the 4th May,
A. D. 794, which also was the 15th of the dark half
of the amunta Vaisakha.
108. -- S. 730. -- Ante, Vol. VI. p. 68, and Vol.
XVI. p, 74. Radhanpur copper-plate inscription of the
Rashtrakuta Govinda III.:--
(L. 53).-- Sakanripa-kal-atita-samvatsara-sateshu
saptasu trimsad-uttareshu Sarvajin-namni samvatsare
Sravana-bahula-a(l-a)mavasyam suryagrahana-parvani.
S. 730 current: A total solar eclipse, not
visible in India, 10 h. 35 m. after mean sunrise of
the 7th August, A. D. 807, which was the 15th of the
dark half of the amanta Sravana.
S. 730 expired: a total solar eclipse, visible in
India, 1 h. 17 m. after mean sunrise of the 27th
July, A. D. 808, which also was the 15th of the dark
half of the amanta Sravana.
By the southern luni-solar system Sarvajit was S.
730 current; and by the mean-sign system Sarvajit
lasted from the 31st May, A. D. 807, to the 26th May,
A. D. 808, and accordingly was current on the 7th
August, A. D. 807, and at the commencement of S. 730
expired, but not on the 27th July, 8. D. 808.
109. -- S. 789. -- Ante, Vol. XII. p. 185, and
Vol. XVIII. p. 56. Bagumra copper-plate inscription
of the Rashtrakuta Mahasamantadhipati Dharavarsha
Dhruvaraja III. of Gujarat: -
(L. 64). -- Sakanripa-kal-atita-samvatsara-sateshu
saptasv=eku(ko)nanavaty-adhikeshv-ankatah samvat 789
Jyeshth-amavasyayam adityagrahana-parvvani.
S. 789 current: A total solar eclipse, visible in
India, 9 h. 5 m. after mean sunrise of the 16th June,
A. D. 866, which was the 15th of the dark half of the
amanta Jyaishtha.
S. 789 expired: A total solar eclipse, visible in
India, 1 h. 56 m. ofter mean sunrise of the 6th June,
A. D. 867, which also was the 15th of the dark half
of the amanta Jyaishtha.
B. -- DATES IN SOLAR MONTHS.
All in Expired Pears.
110. -- S. 944. Ante, Vol. XIV. p. 53, and Vol.
XIX. p. 129. Korumelli copper-plate inscription of
the Eastern Chalukya Rajaraja II.; date of his
accession:-
(L. 65). -- Yo rakshitum vasumatim Saka-vatsareshu
ved-amburasi-nidhi-varttishu Simhage=rkke[I*]
krishna-dvitiya-divavas(15)-Ottarabhadrikayam
vare Guror=vvaniji lagna-vare=bhishiktah ||
________________
15 Read -divas-.
p. 132
In S. 944 expired the Simha-samkranti took place
(and the solar Bhadrapada commenced) 20 h. 46 m.
after mean sunrise of the 26th July, A. D. 1022; and
the day of the date is Thursday, 16th August, A. D.
1022, when the second tithi of the dark half (of the
amanta Bhadrapada) ended 10 h. 55 m., and the
nakshatra was Uttara-bhadrapada up to 16 h. 25 m.
after mean sunrise.
111. -- S. 999. -- Ante, Vol. XVIII. p. 163.
Vizagapatam copper-plate inscription of Anantavarman
Chodagangadeva; date of his accession:-
(L. 30). -- Sak-avde(bde)
Nanda-randhra-grahagana-ganite Kumbha-samsthe dinese
sukle pakshe tri(tri)tiya-yuji Ravija-dine Revati-bhe
nriyugme lagme(gne) . . .
In S. 999 expired the Kumbha-samkranti took place
(and the solar Phalguna commenced) 19 h. 12 m. after
mean sunrise of the 22nd January, A. D. 1078; and the
day of the date is Saturday, 17th February, A. D.
1078, when the third tithi of the bright half (of the
lunar Phalguna) ended 21 h. 23 m., and the nakshatra
was Revati up to 19 h. 3 m, after mean sunrise.
112. -- S. 1003. -- Ante, Vol. XVIII. p. 164.
Vizagapatam copper-plate inscription of Anantavarman
Chodagangadeva: -
(L. 40). -- Haranayana-viyad-gagana-chandra-
ganite Sak-avde(bde) Meshamasa-krishn- ashtamyam=
Adityavare.
In S. 1003 expired the Mesha-samkranti took place
(and the solar Vaisakha commenced) 17 h. 20 m. after
mean sunrise of the 23rd March, A. D. 1081; and the
day of the date is Sunday, 4th April, A. D. 1081,
when the 8th tithi of the dark half (of the amanta
Chaitra) ended 12 h. 37 m. after mean sunrise.
113. -- S. 1347. -- Hultzsch, South-Ind. Inscr.
Vol. I. p. 84. Inscription inside the front Gopura of
the Virinchipuram temple:--
`On the day of (the nakshatra) Anusham (i. e.
Anuradha), which corresponds to Wednesday, the
sixth lunar day, the 3rd (solar day) of the month of
Panguni (i. e. Phalguni) of the Visvavasu year, which
was current after the Saka year 1347 (had passed).'
In S. 1347 expired, which by the southern
luni-solar system was Visvavasu, the month Panguni
(i. e. the solar Chaitra) commenced 15 h. 42 m. after
mean sunrise of the 24th February, A. D. 1426; and
the day of the date is Wednesday, 27th February, A.
D. 1426, when the 6th tithi of the dark half (of the
amanta Phalguna) ended 20 h. 30 m., and the nakshatra
was Anuradha for about 23 h. after mean sunrise.
114. -- S. 1371. -- Hultzsch, South-Ind. Inscr.
Vol. I. p. 111. Inscription on the east wall of the
Somanathesvara, temple at Padavedu:-
`On the day of (the nakshatra) Uttiradam (i. e.
Uttarashadha), which corresponds to the yoga Ayushmat
and to Saturday, the thirtee nth lunar day of the
former half of the month of Simha of the Sukla year,
which was current after the Saka year 1371 (had
passed).'
In S. 1371 expired, which by the southern
luni-solar system was Sukla, the Simha- samkranti
took place (and the solar Bhadrapada commenced) 8 h.
30 m. after mean sunrise of the 30th July, A. D.
1449; and the day of the date is Saturday, 2nd
August, A. D. 1449, when the 13th tithi of the bright
half (of the lunar Sravana) ended 8 h. 43 m., and
when the nakshatra was Uttarashadha for 10 h. 30 m.,
and the yoga Ayushmat for 4 h. 54m. after mean
sunrise.
115. -- S. 1471. -- Hultzsch, South-Ind. Inscr.
Vol. I. p. 85. Inscription on a stone, built. into
the floor of the court-yard of the Virinchipuram
temple:-
`On Thursday, the day of (the nakshatra)
Punarvasu, which corresponds to the seventh lunar day
of the former half of the month of Mesha of the
Saumya year, which was current after the
Salivaha-Saka year 1471 (had passed).'
p. 133
In S. 1471 expired, which by the southern
luni-solar system was Saumya, the Meshe- samkranti
took place (and the solar Vaisakha commenced) 19 h.
41 m, after mean sunrise of the 27th March, A. D.
1549; and the day of the date is Thursday, 4th April,
A. D. 1549, when the 7 th tithi of the bright half
(of the lunar Vaisakha) ended 14 h. 44 m., and the
nakshatra was Punarvasu up to 17 h. 44 m. after mean
sunrise.
116. -- S. 1488. -- Hultzsch, South-Ind. Irscr.
Vol, I, p. 70. Inscription on a stone at Arappakkam:-
`On Wednesday, the twelfth lunar day of the
latter half of the month of Kumbha of the Akshaya
samvatsara, which was current after the Saka year
1488 (had passed).'
In S. 1488 expired, which by the southern
luni-solar system was Akshaya (or Kshaya), the
Kumbha-samkranti took place (and the solar Phalguna
commenced) 7h. 58m. after mean sunrise of the 27th
January, A. D. 1567; and the day of the date is
Wednesday, 5th February, A. D. 1567, when the 12th
tithi of the dark half (of the amanta Magha) ended 20
h. 54 m. after mean sunrise.
117. -- S. 1589. -- Arch. Survey of South. India,
Vol. IV. p. 77. Ramesvaram copper-plate inscription:-
`In the year Plavanga, current after 1589 of the
Salivahana-Saka had elapsed,... on Thursday, the
third lunar day of the light fortnight of the month
of Vaiyasi, and in the asterism of Pusa (Pushya),
Kanda yoga and Karasava (?) karana.'
In S. 1589 expired, which by the southern
luni-solar system was Plavanga, the month Vaiyasi (i.
e. the solar Jyaishtha) commenced 6 h. 42 m. after
mean sunrise of the 29th April, A. D, 1667; and the
day of the date is Thursday, 16th May, A. D. 1667,
when the third tithi of the bright half (of the lunar
Jyaishtha) and the karana Gara ended 1 h, 51 m., and
when the nakshatra was Pushya(16) after 21 h. 40 m.,
and the yoga Ganda up to 9 h. 10 m. after mean
sunrise.
118. -- S. 1636. -- Arch. Survey of South. India,
Vol. IV. p. 85. A Setupati copper-plate inscription
in the Ramesvaram temple:-
'In the year Jaya, current after 1636 of the
Salivahana-Saka had elapsed, on... Monday the tenth
lunar day, and the first day of the month of
Sittirai, in the asterism of Sravana and ill the
Subha yoga and the Subha karana.'
In S. 1636 expired, which by the southern
luni-solar system was Jaya, the month Sittirai (i. e.
the solar Vaisakha commenced on Monday, 29th March,
A. D. 1714, by the Surya- siddhanta 12 h. 21 m., and
by the Arya-siddhanta 9 h. 35 m. after mean sunrise.
By the Arya-siddhanta, therefore, this Monday was the
first day of Sittirai; and on the same day the 10th
tithi of the dark half (of the amanta Chaitra) ended
21 h., and the nakshatra was Sravana up to 9 h. 12
m., and the yoga Subha from 9 h. 12 m. after mean
sunrise.(17)
119. -- S. 1637. -- Arch. Survey of South. India,
Vol. IV. p. 88. Another Setupati copper-plate
inscription in the Ramesvaram temple:-
`In the year Manmatha, current after the 1637th
year of the Salivahana-Saka era had elapsed, on...
Monday the third lunar day, and the 2nd day of the
month of Masi, and in the asterism of Uttiram' (i.e.
Uttara--phalguni).
In S. 1637 expired, which by the southern
luni-solar system was Manmatha, the month Masi (i. e.
the solar Phalguna) commenced 21 h. 17 m. after mean
sunrise of Saturday, 28th January, A. D. 1716. The
second day of Masi, therefore, was Monday, 30th
January. A.D. 1716; and on this day the third tithi
of the dark half (of the amanta Magha) ended 13th. 45
m., and the nakshatra was Uttara-phalguni up to 16 h.
25 m. after mean sunrise.
____________
16 The nakshatra preceding Pushya is Punarvasu.
17 There is no karana named Subha.
p. 134
120. -- S. 1655. -- Arch. Survey of South. India,
Vol. IV. p. 91. Another Setupati copper-plate
inscription: --
`At the auspicious time of the lunar eclipse that
occurred on the 10th lunar (18) day of the month of
Kattikai of the year Piramatishsa which is currrent
after 1655 of the Salivahana- Saka had elapsed, on
Saturday, when the time of full moon, the asterism of
Rohini.... are in conjuction.'
In S. 1655 expired, which by the southern
luni-solar system was Pramadin, the month Karttigai
(i.e. the solar Margasira) commenced 5 h. 38 m. after
mean sunrise of the first November, A. D. 1733. The
10th day of Karttigai, therefore, was Saturday, 10th
November, A. D. 1733; and on this day (the full-moon
day of the lunar Karttika) there was a lunar eclipse,
visible in India, at 11h. 42m., and the nakshatra was
Rohini from about 13 h. 47 m. after mean sunrise.
121. -- S. 1658. -- Arch. Survey of South. India,
Vol. IV. p. 97. Another Setupati copper-plate
inscription:--
`On.. the Tai new-moon day of the dark fortnight
of the month of Pushya,... of the year Nala current
after 1658 of the Salivahana era, in the Sravana
asterism, in the good yoga named Birummiyayoga (?)
and in the good karana of Karulakarana (?).'
In S. 1658 expired, which by the southern
luni-solar system was Nala, the month Tai (i. e. the
solar Magha) commenced 20 h. 47 m. after mean sunrise
of the 29th December, A. D. 1736; and the day of the
date is the 19th January, A.D. 1737, when the
new-moon tithi of the amanta Pausha and the karana
Chatushpada ended 18 h. 38 m., and when the nakshatra
was Sravana up to 22 h. 20m., and the yoga Siddhi(19)
up to 3 h. 17 m. after mean sunrise.
122. -- S. 1705 -- Arch. Survey of South. India,
Vol. IV. p. 105. Another Setupati copper-plate
inscription: --
`In the year... Sobhakrit, current after 1705 of
the Salivahana-Saka and 4884 of the Kali era had
elapsed,... on Friday, the thirteenth lunar day of
the light half of the month of Mithuna, in the
asterism of Anusha (i.e. Anuradha), in the auspicious
yoga named Siddhi and in the auspicious Taittula
karana.'
In S. 1705 = Kali 4884 expired, which by the
southern luni-solar system was Sobhakrit (Sobhana),
the Mithuna-samkranti took place (and the solar
Ashadha commenced) 16 h. 45 m. after mean sunrise of
the 11 t6h June, N. S. A. D. 1783; and the day of the
date is Friday, 13th June, A. D. 1783, when the 13 th
tithi of the bright half (of the lunar Jyaishtha) and
the karana Taitila ended 4 h. 36 m., and when the
nakshatra was Anuradha up to 22 h. 20 m., and the
yoga Siddha (not Siddhi) up to 6 h. 43 m. after mean
sunrise.