山東早期佛教造像考 : 劉宋至北魏時期=An Investigation into the Early Buddhist Imagery of the Shantung Region from the Liu-Sung to the Northern Wei

李玉珉 (著)=Lee, Yu-min (au.)

Author

李玉珉 (著)=Lee, Yu-min (au.)

Source

故宮學術季刊=The National Palace Museum Research Quarterly

Volume

v.21 n.3 春季號

Date

2004.03

Pages

1 - 79+177

Publisher

國立故宮博物院

Publisher Url

https://www.npm.gov.tw/

Location

臺北市, 臺灣 [Taipei shih, Taiwan]

Content type

期刊論文=Journal Article

Language

中文=Chinese

Note

作者隸屬於國立故宮博物院書畫處

Keyword

山東=Shantung; 劉宋=Liu Sung dynasty; 北魏=Northern Wei dynasty; 佛教造像=Buddhist sculpture=Buddhist iconography; 彌勒=Maitreya; 觀世音=Avalokiteśvara; Ch'ing chou=Ch'i chou

Abstract

西晉滅亡以後，山東成為羯、鮮卑、氐和漢等族的爭奪之地。西元410至469年期間，該地屬南朝東晉和劉送的轄區，與南方文化血脈相連，造像風格與南朝無異。皇興三年山東入魏以後，佛教造像可以分為北魏中期和北魏晚期兩個階段。北魏中期，山東一方面繼續受到南朝的影響，另一方面又吸收了河北的因素。北魏晚期，佛教造像的數量急速增加，無論從人物造型、菩薩的衣服樣式、背光的裝飾，以及脥侍菩薩所踏的螭龍銜蓮的設計等，都展現了該地的地方特色。正光時期，山東樣是已孕育成熟。
在造項題材方面，山東早期造像和河北的關係密切，彌勒和觀世音二類造像的數量最多。其中，佛裝的彌勒像的數目又遠遠超過菩薩裝的彌勒像，反映出該地彌勒的下生信仰要比上生信仰流行

After the fall of the Western Chin (265-316), Shantung became the site of territorial struggles between the Chieh, Hsien-pei, Ti, Han Chinese, and other ethnic groups. From 410 to 469, the area fell within the control of the Eastern Chin and Liu Sung dynasties of the south. This created a cultural connection between Shantung and the south, resulting in a shares style of Buddhist imagery. The period after the 469 incorporation of Shantung into the empire of the Northern Wei. During the middle period, Shantung continued to be influenced by the Southern Dynasties, while simultaneously absorbing elements from Hopei. During the later period, the number of Buddhist images increased precipitiously. In these images, human forms, Bodhisattva dress and accouterment, mandorla ornamentation, and even the design of the flanking Bodhisattva lotus pedestal spouted by a dragon all display a unique regional style. By the third decade of the sixth century, this Shantung style was fully mature.
In terms of subject, early Shantung images show a close connection to those of Hopei, with a predominance of Maitreya and Avalokiteśvara representations. Depictions of Maitreya as a Buddha greatly outnumber representations of the Bodhisattva Maitreya, suggesting that belief in the area focused on Maitreya's descent from, rather than his ascent into, the Tushita Heaven.

Table of contents

一、序言 2
二、山東早期的歷史與佛教 7
三、風格分析 12
1.劉宋時期 12
2.北魏中期 13
3.北魏晚期 17
4.山東樣式的區域特色 24
四、信仰與圖像 28
1.釋迦與多寶佛 29
2.彌勒 30
3.觀世音菩薩 33
五、結論 36

ISSN

10119094 (P)

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