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On the Question of Animosity of the Brāhmanas and Persecution by Brāhmanical Kings Leading to the Decline of Buddhism in India=婆羅門教的迫害導致印度佛教衰敗之辯 |
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| Author |
Sarao, K. T. S. =沙洛
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| Source |
中華佛學研究=Chung-Hwa Buddhist Studies
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| Volume | n.10 |
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| Date | 2006.03.01 |
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| Pages | 255 - 293 |
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| Publisher | 中華佛學研究所=Chung-Hwa Institute of Buddhist Studies |
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| Publisher Url |
http://www.chibs.edu.tw/
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| Location | 新北市, 臺灣 [New Taipei City, Taiwan] |
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| Content type | 期刊論文=Journal Article |
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| Language | 英文=English |
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| Note | 作者為印度德里大學佛學系主任 |
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| Keyword | Brāhma?ism=婆羅門教; Buddhism=佛教; Decline=衰敗; Islamic attacks=伊斯蘭教入侵; Persecution=迫害; Xuanzang=玄奘; Urbanization=都市化 |
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| Abstract | The decline of Buddhism from the plains of India is one of the most puzzling questions in the history of India. Different scholars have suggested different reasons for this decline. In this paper, an attempt has been made to examine as to whether the animosity of the Brāhmaṇas and persecution of Brāhmaṇical kings could have caused such a decline. The views expressed and examples cited in support of this hypothesis have been examined in detail, especially the background and consequences of the anti-Buddhist campaigns of Puṣyamitra Śuṅga and Śaśāṅka.
An attempt has also been made in this paper to show that though it cannot be denied that some friction did exist from time to time between the followers of the Buddha and Brāhmaṇas in India and that some actions of Puṣyamitra Śuṅga and Śaśāṅka can be construed as anti-Buddhist, but it is not possible to visualize Buddhism as having declined as a result thereof. Nor does it appear probable that Buddhism declined in India because of Islamic onslaught, development of corrupt practices and divisions in the Saṃgha, or growth of Mahāyāna and Vajrayāna. It is proposed here that the issue of decline of Buddhism took place at two different levels i.e., at the laity and the Saṃgha level. The upshot of the paper is that the crucial reason for the decline of Buddhism in India was the laity which at best could be described as fickle-minded and at worst non-existent.
在印度歷史中，佛教為何於印度衰敗是最令人困惑的問題之一，學者們往往各有其解釋，且其理由又都互相迴異。本論文試圖探究佛教衰敗的原因，是否真的是因為婆羅門對佛教的仇視與信奉婆羅門教的印度王對佛教的迫害所引起的。本文詳細檢驗支持此假說的看法和例證，並特別說明薰迦王朝（?u?ga）弗沙蜜多羅王（Pu?yamitra）和設賞迦王（?a?āvka）反佛的背景和結果。
本論文亦試圖呈現雖然在印度，婆羅門教徒與佛教徒儘管時有摩擦，薰迦王朝弗沙蜜多羅王和設賞迦王也確有反佛之舉，但是，卻不可能就因此視佛教之衰敗是上述情況所導致的結果，佛教衰敗亦非因為伊斯蘭教入侵、佛教僧團之腐敗與分裂或佛教大乘和密教之興起。本文主張佛教之衰敗發生於二種團體中：佛教在家團體與僧團，本文之結論為佛教衰敗之關鍵因素在於佛教在家團體，而此處所稱的佛教在家團體，其成員是善變不定的，或者，甚至可以說根本稱不上是一個團體。 |
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| ISSN | 1026969X (P) |
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| Hits | 2347 |
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| Created date | 2006.12.07 |
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| Modified date | 2017.07.28 |
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