Site mapAbout usConsultative CommitteeAsk LibrarianContributionCopyrightCitation GuidelineDonationHome        

CatalogAuthor AuthorityGoogle
Search engineFulltextScripturesLanguage LessonsLinks
 


Extra service
Tools
Export
錢謙益的佛教生涯與理念
Author 連瑞枝
Source 中華佛學學報=Chung-Hwa Buddhist Journal=Journal of Chinese Buddhist Studies
Volumen.7
Date1994.07
Pages315 - 371
Publisher中華佛學研究所=Chung-Hwa Institute of Buddhist Studies
Publisher Url http://www.chibs.edu.tw/publication_tw.php?id=12
Location新北市, 臺灣 [New Taipei City, Taiwan]
Content type期刊論文=Journal Article
Language中文=Chinese; 英文=English
Keyword明末; 清初; 居士佛教
Abstract錢謙益 (1582 ~ 1644) 在史學,文學,經學上的成就
,及他在反清復明運動中所扮演的角色,一直是史學家們
所關注的重點. 但他文集中 (《牧齋初學集》,《有
學集》及《牧齋有學集補集》) 大批相關明末清初的佛教
史料卻較少受到同等的重視,這些佛教史料背後所顯示的意
義及他個人在明末清初佛教史上的地位是筆者在本篇文章
中所著重的. 本文試圖以這些史料為主,架構出一些有相關
明末清初佛教界較有意思的問題:(一),繼明末萬曆三大
師 (雲棲袾宏 1535 ~ 1615; 紫柏真可 1543 ~ 1603; 憨
山德清 1546 ~ 1623) 所提倡的佛教經世思想及儒釋調合
論之餘,身為佛教居士的錢謙益如何落實明末尊宿所強調的
佛教經世思想? 所謂佛教經世思想的內容是什麼? 如何將此
思想具體付諸行動? 而他的經世思想如何面對明亡以後的現
實世界? (二),從明末學術發展的背景來看,明末學者在
陽明學之影響之下,在思想上多多少少具儒釋調和論的色
彩,錢謙益在務實派東林黨的聲望頗高,他如何將儒家現世
價值與佛教的宇宙觀連貫成一個完整的系統?

在以上二個問題的牽引下,本文分二大部分來談錢謙
益的佛教生涯與其佛教思想:

第一部分:我們知道錢謙益的交遊極為廣闊,對明末清
初佛教界的交往情形也是相當多元化,在這部分筆者將錢
謙益的佛教生涯作一概略的分類,分別是:與明末尊宿們;
與華嚴講師們; 與傳統禪宗宗師們三個部分. 在這部分可以
較清楚地意識到繼萬曆三大師後江南地區佛教界的情形
為何,及在這樣環境與錢謙益佛教理念,事業間的互動
關係.

第二部分:在錢謙益所提倡的佛教理念及幾項重要的佛
教事業中,可以看出他個人對佛教「經世」這層面的堅
持與肯定,並且將其一生奉獻在經世致用的佛教理念中.
面對當時的佛教環境,錢謙益第一個要打擊的便是虛偽狂亂
的禪魔. 他在這方面極為用心,並自稱自己是吳越間之第一
個不畏人情,不懼強勢的護法者. 在這個中心原則之下,
他所提倡的「反經」,「明教」,便成他積極又具體的佛
教事業. 基本上,錢謙益的這些觀念是受到他個人早期的經
歷,尤其是他的老師管束東溟與明末尊宿的影響.

同時,錢謙益也將佛教經世的觀念實踐於中國的政治倫
理中,從這方面可以看出當時仕宦的士大夫們對「忠君」
與「佛性」二個絕對的價值的融合. 尤其在明亡以後,這種
政治價值與宗教價值的統一觀念更積極地轉化成反清復明
的動力,反而將投身於復明運動這舉止看作是一種宗教上
的自我完成與超越.

Historians have paid attention to the literary
achievements of the Buddhist lay devotee Ch'ien
Ch'ien-i (1582-1664). His writings also contain,
however,important but little known information on
the late Ming period. The significance of these
Buddhist materials and the position of Ch'ien Ch'ien-
i in Buddhist history in the late Ming period are
the main questions raised in this essay. More
specifically,this essay attempts to explore the
significance of Ch'ien Ch'ien-i's writings for
changes in Buddhist thought from "practical
learning" (ching shih 經世) late in the Ming period
to something much closer to what I describe as
practical action of early in the Ch'ing period.
"Practical learning" was promoted by the three
eminent masters (san-ta shih 三大師):Yun-ch'i
Chu-hung [雲棲祩宏],Han-shan Te-ch'ing [憨山德清],
and Chin-po Chen-k'o [紫柏真可].

While accepting "practical learning,"Ch'ien
Ch'ien-i attempted to push Buddhist thought one step
further into pructical action. This essay discusses
Ch'ien Ch'ien-i's activist Buddhism in two parts.
The first part considers the friends of Ch'ien
Ch'ien-i,including the three eminent monks as well
as the masters of the Hua-yen and Ch'an schools. The
second part discusses Ch'ien Ch'ien-i's thoughts on
Buddhism,and especially on the linkages of his
thoughts on practical learnign with his popular
writings in support of practical action in three
areas:(1)improving the quality of scriptural
research in Buddhism; (2)attacking the misguidance
of Ch'an practices; and (3)participating in the
political movemnet to combine Confucian values with
Buddhist belief.
ISSN10177132 (P)
Hits1386
Created date1998.07.22
Modified date2017.06.16



Best viewed with Chrome, Firefox, Safari(Mac) but not supported IE

Notice

You are leaving our website for The full text resources provided by the above database or electronic journals may not be displayed due to the domain restrictions or fee-charging download problems.

Record correction

Please delete and correct directly in the form below, and click "Apply" at the bottom.
(When receiving your information, we will check and correct the mistake as soon as possible.)

Serial No.
252162

Search History (Only show 10 bibliography limited)
Search Criteria Field Codes
Search CriteriaBrowse