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Dependent Co-evolution: Kropotkin's Theory of Mutual Aid and Its Appropriation by Chinese Buddhists=互助緣起 -- 論民國佛教界對克魯泡特金之互助論的轉用 |
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| Author |
Ritzinger, Justin R.
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| Source |
Chung-Hwa Buddhist Journal=中華佛學學報
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| Volume | n.26 |
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| Date | 2013.07 |
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| Pages | 89 - 112 |
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| Publisher | Chung-Hwa Institute of Buddhist Studies=中華佛學研究所 |
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| Publisher Url |
http://www.chibs.edu.tw/ch_html/index_ch00.html
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| Location | 新北市, 臺灣 [New Taipei City, Taiwan] |
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| Content type | 期刊論文=Journal Article |
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| Language | 英文=English |
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| Note | Justin R. Ritzinger, University of Miami 邁阿密大學 |
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| Keyword | Evolution=進化論; Science=科學; Modernity=現代性; Taixu=太虛; Kropotkin=克魯泡特金 |
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| Abstract | The encounter between Buddhism and science has long been recognized as one of the key events in the formulation of Buddhist modernisms. Yet only recently has this begun to be explored in its historic specificity. This paper examines Republican-era Chinese Buddhists’ engagement with the theory of
evolution at the peak of its cultural influence in the 1920s and 30s. It argues that while Buddhists largely accepted biological evolution, Darwinist theories of survival of the fittest were rejected. Instead, they embraced the alternative theory of Peter Kropotkin, who saw mutual aid as the driving force of evolution. This theory was not only less offensive to Buddhist sensibilities, but also amenable to a rhetorical strategy of subsumption in which Kropotkin was presented as anticipated and fulfilled by Buddhist doctrine. This tactic allowed Buddhists to portray the religion as modern, scientific, and progressive while avoiding what were seen as the pernicious corollaries of Darwinism. Effectively, Buddhists who employed this tactic attempted to annex Kroptokin’s discursive space, taking advantage of the internal variegation of modernity in order to constitute it as part of a modern discourse and superscribe that discourse with their own concerns.
佛教現代主義形成的關鍵之一是佛教與科學的接觸，但直到最近才也學者開此探究其歷史的細節。本文檢視中國佛教界對進化論在二十、三十年代最顛峰發展時期的響應。當時佛教界雖然接受生物進化論，但是他們排斥達爾文的生存競爭論，而提倡克魯泡特金之互助論。她們認為此理論較接近佛教思想，而且佛教教理預期並完成其說。佛教徒藉由此理論來闡釋宗教的現代性、科學性和進步性，及其可避免達爾文主義所導致之惡果。同時，在併吞克魯泡特金的論述之下，利用現在思想的多元性，使佛教成為現代論說的一部分，並在其上加注佛教價值觀。
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| Table of contents | Introduction 91
Science and Religion in Republican China 93
Buddhist Responses to Darwinian Theory 96
The Kropotkinite Alternative 100
Buddhist Appropriations of Kropotkin 102
Conclusion: The Superscription of the Discursive Field 106
References 108 |
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| ISSN | 10177132 (P) |
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| Hits | 862 |
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| Created date | 2013.07.23 |
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| Modified date | 2020.12.10 |
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