金塔寺石窟考=The Grottoes of Chin-t'a-ssu

李玉珉 (著)=Lee, Yu-min (au.)

Author

李玉珉 (著)=Lee, Yu-min (au.)

Source

故宮學術季刊=The National Palace Museum Research Quarterly

Volume

v.22 n.2 冬季號

Date

2004.12

Pages

33 - 66+200

Publisher

國立故宮博物院

Publisher Url

https://www.npm.gov.tw/

Location

臺北市, 臺灣 [Taipei shih, Taiwan]

Content type

期刊論文=Journal Article

Language

中文=Chinese

Note

作者隸屬於國立故宮博物院書畫處

Keyword

金塔寺石窟=Chin-t'a-ssu grottoes; 北魏=Northern Wei; 彌勒=Maitreya; 涼州模式=Liang-chou tradition; 雲岡影響=Yun-kang influence

Abstract

金塔寺石窟現存東、西兩窟，是最具研究價值的河西早期石窟之一。根據這兩窟造像的身軀結構、飛天的身形體態、人物的形貌塑造等特徵，東窟的開鑿年代約在五世紀的五O或六O年代，西窟則在五世紀的七O年代或稍晚。由於這兩窟的大小不同，開鑿的年代又有先後，故非一組對窟。在圖像布局上，三世十方是東窟重要的設計理念，而西窟則特別重視彌勒信仰。
金塔寺東、西窟的中心塔柱分層、每層上寛下窄、人物身軀粗壯，飛天碩大，皆是涼州模式的餘緒，而窟中所見的Y字形衣褶、交腳彌勒佛和倚坐彌勒佛等新圖像等，顯然又受到雲岡石窟的影響。前者反映了本地傳統的延續，後者則與五世紀的五O至八O年代間，北魏朝廷積極經營河西地區有著密切的關係。

The two surviving grottoes at Golden Pagoda Temple (Chin-t'a-ssu) are among the most significant early cave shrines found in the Kansu area. The bodily structure of the images, posture of the apsaras, and appearance of the human figures in these caves suggests that the eastern grotto was excavated around the 450s and 460s A.D., while the construction of the western grotto commenced around the 470s or slightly later. The difference in the size and date of the two caves suggests that they were not designed as a set. The arrangement of the images reveals that the eastern cave was designed around the notion of the Buddhas of the ten directions and present, past, and future, while the western cave was highly inspired by the Maitreya belief.
The central pillars in both the eastern and western caves are divided into two tiers, larger on top and narrower on the bottom. The bodies of the human figures are thick and heavy, and the apsaras large. Together, these features can all be regarded as remnants of the Liang-chou tradition. At the same time, the "Y"-shaped drapery flods, along with new images such as the Maitreya Buddha with crossed legs and Maitreya Buddha with two legs pendent, clearly demonstrate the influence of the Yun-kang Grotto. The former features reflect the continuation of local tradition, while the later features are closely related to the Northern Wei court's active involvement in the Kansu area between the 450s and 480s.

Table of contents

一、引言 34
二、石窟概況 37
三、開鑿年代 38
(一) 尊像配置與布局 39
(二) 造像風格 40
(三) 裝飾紋樣 42
(四) 壁畫 43
四、年代考訂 44
五、圖像研究 45
六、河西地區的彌勒信仰 50
七、結論 52

ISSN

10119094 (P)

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