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菩薩與救度 — 從觀自在之興起看佛教與印度教之互動=Bodhisattva and Delivery: Avalokitesvara and Mahayana's Interaction with Hinduism |
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黃柏棋 (撰)=Huang, Po-chi (compose)
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| Source |
正觀雜誌=Satyabhisamaya: A Buddhist Studies Quarterly
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| Volume | n.78 |
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| Date | 2016.09.25 |
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| Pages | 71 - 112 |
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| Publisher | 正觀雜誌社 |
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| Publisher Url |
http://www.tt034.org.tw/
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| Location | 南投縣, 臺灣 [Nantou hsien, Taiwan] |
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| Content type | 期刊論文=Journal Article |
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| Language | 中文=Chinese |
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| Note | 作者黃柏棋為政治大學宗教研究所副教授。 2016/8/1收稿，2016/9/3通過審稿。 |
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| Keyword | 觀自在=Avalokitesvara; 自在天=Isvara; 救度=Mukti |
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| Abstract | 這篇文章從觀自在興起之角度來探討大乘佛教與印度教之互動。就救度作為而言，觀自在和濕婆或毗濕奴所代表之印度教自在天有諸多可相互比擬之處。然而，觀自在之身分為菩薩或大士，而濕婆或毗濕奴卻是無所不在之宇宙權能者。兩者之間如何能相提並論呢？事實上，觀自在乃代表著大乘佛教救度者的典範，而濕婆或毗濕奴則是印度教教徒心中的至高神。兩者之間仔細加以參照比較的話，可以見出大乘佛教與印度教有關自在天之思想與實踐上緊密互動的情形。這篇文章先從觀自在名號談起，接著討論自在天思想在相關佛教與印度教經典發展的情形，再來探究觀自在思想在大乘佛教出現所代表的革命性意義。透過對於相關文獻特別是—《妙法蓮華經．普門品》、《佛說大聖莊嚴寶王經》、《白騾奧義書》、《那羅陀往事書》、《薄伽梵歌》—等所作之探討，觀自在跟印度教自在天共有之創世及救世特質可加確定，而佛教與印度教在中世印度的交流激盪情形亦可得到印證。
This paper examines the relationship between Mahayana Buddhism and Hinduism through the lens of Avalokitesvara. To be sure, Avalokitesvara and Isvara represented by Siva or Visnu are most likely two most powerful Isvaras embodied in both traditions. However, Avalokitesvara is a Bodhisattva (enlightened being) and a Mahasattva (great being) in the Mahayana and Isvara is the supreme and ubiquitous deity in Hindu panthelon. In fact, Avalokitesvara represents what an ideal Mahayana savior should be and Isvara is the paramount god for a Hindu devotee. To draw a parallel between them is crucial for us to understand a mutual exchange of thoughts concerning Mahayana and Hinduism. Starting from the name of Avalokitesvara, this investigation then scrutinizes the development of Isvara in Hinduism and Buddhism to explore grave implications of the advent of Alokitesvara in the Mahayana. Through extensive explorations of the related literature, especially Sdharmapunaarika, Karandavyuha, Svetasvatara Upanisad, Narada Purana and Bhagavad Gita, common characteristics shared by Avalokitesvara and Hindu Isvara can be ascertained. Simultaneously, intellectual interaction between Buddhism and Hinduism in medieval India will be accurately pinpointed. |
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| Table of contents | 前言 73
1.觀自在之意涵 73
2.觀自在、自在天與菩薩：普世救度與個人修行 78
3.自在天：救度與創世 86
4.觀自在為佛教自在天：從排拒到吸收 94
結語 104 |
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| ISSN | 16099575 (P) |
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| Hits | 424 |
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| Created date | 2016.10.14 |
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| Modified date | 2017.09.07 |
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