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藥地愚者與明季禪學的精神丕變=Yaodi Yuzhe and the Spiritual Transformation of Ch’an Buddhism in Late Ming Dynasty |
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| Author |
鄧盛濤 (著)=Deng, Sheng-tao (au.)
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| Source |
圓光佛學學報=Yuan Kuang Journal of Buddhist Studies
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| Volume | n.31 |
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| Date | 2018.06 |
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| Pages | 35 - 78 |
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| Publisher | 圓光佛學研究所=Yuan Kuang Buddhist College |
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| Publisher Url |
http://www.ykbi.edu.tw/
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| Location | 桃園縣, 臺灣 [Taoyuean hsien, Taiwan] |
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| Content type | 期刊論文=Journal Article |
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| Language | 中文=Chinese |
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| Note | 作者單位：新加坡國立大學中文系 |
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| Keyword | 藥地愚者=Yaodi Yuzhe; 《冬灰錄》=Dong Hui Lu; 本分禪=Benfen Ch’an; 文字禪=Literal Ch’an; 儒佛會通=Syncretization of Confucianism and Buddhism; 明季禪學=Late Ming Ch’an Buddhism |
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| Abstract | 藥地愚者大師（AD.1611-1671），出家前名方以智，字密之，長期以來被指認為明代考證與博物學的先導；或者被看成是中國近代科學的先行者；近來，又被認為是明末清初三教會通的重要人物。但藥地作為明季曹洞宗壽昌系高僧的生涯及其禪學思想卻沒有獲得足夠的關注與討論。本文從探討藥地「行動取向」入手，希望以此重新還原藥地由忠臣孝子到披緇為僧，進而入主青原山復興曹洞宗一脈，最後臨難捨身，於惶恐灘乘無諍三昧而去的心路歷程。同時根據新近整理出版的《冬灰錄》、《青原愚者智禪師語錄》，並結合其他涉及藥地禪學思想的重要文獻，如《東西均注釋》、《青原志略》、《藥地炮莊》、《易餘》等，探討藥地的「本分禪」觀及其對晚明「狂禪」的反思，明季禪教一致的潮流下，藥地的「文字禪」觀和明季華梵交宣背景下藥地的「儒佛會通」思想，並以此說明作為曹洞宗壽昌系禪僧的藥地愚者，在明季禪學精神丕變中的獨特地位。
Yaodi Yuzhe (AD.1611-1671, named Fang Yizhi before his renunciation of mundane life) has long been known as the pioneer of textual research and natural history in Ming Dynasty; or has been considered to be the forerunner of Chinese modern science. Recently, Yaodi has also been considered to be the significant figure of advocating the syncretization of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism in the late Ming Dynasty. However, the status of Yaodi’s being the eminent monk of Caodong School in late Ming and his thoughts of Ch’an Buddhism have not yet been fully discussed.
This article starts with discussing the “Action Orientation” of Yaodi and hopes to investigate the inner mind journey of Yaodi. From being the filial piety and the loyal ministers to Ch’an monk, he then enters the Qingyuan Mountains to rejuvenate the Cao Dong Zong, and finally he passed away with Samadhi in Huangkong Tan.
Meanwhile, based on newly published Dong Hui Lu and Qingyuan Yuzhe Zhi Chanshi Yulu, and making use of other important original materials concerning the Ch’an Buddhism thought of Yaodi, such as Dong Xi Jun, Qingyuan Zhilue, Yaodi Paozhuang and Yi Yu, this article explores the thought of Yaodi’s Benfen, Ch’an and its introspection on “Crazy Ch’an” in late Ming dynasty, the thought of Yaodi’s literal Ch’an under the popular trend of consistency of Ch’an and Teaching in late Ming dynasty, Yaodi’s syncretization of Confucianism, and Buddhism thought under the background of communion of China and Indian thought. Through the above exploration and analysis, this article emphasizes Yaodi’s unique status in the spiritual transformation of Ch’an Buddhism in late Ming dynasty. |
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| Table of contents | 中文摘要 35
英文摘要 37
一、引言 39
二、藥地愚者與佛教的因緣 40
(一) 家族氛圍與個人性情 41
(二) 由「忠臣孝子」到「披緇出家」45
(三) 閉關高座與杖人托孤 49
(四) 入主青原到安化而逝 54
三、藥地禪學思想與明季禪學的精神丕變 58
(一) 藥地「本分禪」觀與其對晚明「狂禪」的反思 58
(二) 藥地「文字禪」觀與明季禪教一致的潮流 62
(三) 明季華梵交宣背景下的「儒佛會通」思想 70
四、結語 74
引用書目 76 |
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| ISSN | 16086848 (P) |
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| Hits | 330 |
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| Created date | 2018.11.16 |
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| Modified date | 2018.12.28 |
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