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探討「功德」受佛學影響下詞彙化的過程=The Chinese Semantic Changes of the Words "Gong De" under the Influence of Buddhism |
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吳秋槿 (著)=Wu, Ciou-jin (au.)
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| Source |
圓光佛學學報=Yuan Kuang Journal of Buddhist Studies
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| Volume | n.35 |
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| Date | 2020.06 |
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| Pages | 1 - 30 |
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| Publisher | 圓光佛學研究所=Yuan Kuang Buddhist College |
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| Publisher Url |
http://www.ykbi.edu.tw/
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| Location | 桃園縣, 臺灣 [Taoyuean hsien, Taiwan] |
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| Content type | 期刊論文=Journal Article |
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| Language | 中文=Chinese |
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| Note | 作者為：輔仁大學中國文學系博士生 |
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| Keyword | 功=Gong; 德=De; 功德=Gong De; 功業與德性=merit and virtue; 語義變遷=the Chinese Semantic Changes |
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| Abstract | 漢語「功德」的詞組義「功業與德性」，衍為詞義「佛教稱行善所生的利益」。過去探討「功德」的意義，學者梁曉虹、朱明從構詞、修辭來討論「一般行善之所為所得」認為是本有其字的借代。然學者竺家寧提到「古漢語中，詞彙層次很難劃分。」古漢語詞彙中，複合詞往往包括了詞和詞組，過去學者以借代的方式解釋「功德」詞彙化為「行善所生的利益」而未充分區別詞與詞組的重要性。從語料庫的分析來看，有足夠豐富的材料可證明「功德」因佛經長期使用已詞彙化並產生新的義位。
因此，本文從詞和詞組的結構來分析。就詞來說，從中國古文字的單詞分析「功」、「德」在「獲得」的義位下，為同一個詞義場，且進一步以梵文字源來看，「功德」的義素有：「功能」、「德性」、「善因」、「善行」、「福報」等概念。接著以George Lakoff「概念整合理論」為研究的方法，分析輸入空間「功」、「德」在漢語的語義有立功、立德、立業等概念，進一步觀察梵文字源多樣化及內含善的意義。據此，觀察「功德」擴大為不帶褒貶之詞義。從而在映射至類屬空間抽取「獲得」及好的、善的核心的共同概念以投射到合成空間。在合成空間的完善過程，必須考量心理空間的概念，在本文的研究對象裡，即必須考量中國文化、漢語的註解及佛教的背景知識，以
語料庫的分析做為證據推論漢語「功德」從最早的詞組義表「功業與德性」受到佛經翻譯的影響詞彙化為「佛教稱行善所生的利益」之詞義過程。
In this essay I would like to explore the meaning of "Gong De" in Chinese which literally mean "merit and virtue." The term comes from the Buddhist scripture and means "the benefits of Buddhism calling for good deeds". In the past studies, scholars of Liang Xiaohong and Zhu Ming used "word formation" and "rhetoric" to argue that the term of "Gong De" means "general good deeds can be called", which belongs to the borrowing generation with its own words.
However, scholar of Chu Chia-ning noticed that compound words in ancient Chinese vocabulary often included words and phrases. In the past, scholars interpreted "Gong De" as "general good deeds can be called" in a generational way without fully distinguishing the importance of words and phrases. From the analysis of corpus, there are enough abundant materials to prove that the term of "Gong De" has been lexicalized and generated new sememe due to the long-term use of Buddhist sutras.
For this reason, this paper analyzes the structure of words and phrases. In terms of words, the analysis of "Gong" and "De" from the ancient Chinese words in the sememe of "acquired" is the same meaning field. On the other hand, this paper analyzes "Gong De" in the Sanskrit Buddhist scriptures which were translated into Chinese etymology semanteme; which have "property", "morality", "virtuous causes", "meritorious actions", "blessings", and many other
meanings. George Lakoff and Mark Johnson thought that different interpretations of the same word can correspond to concepts related to mental space. Accordingly, Gilles Fauconnier further divided mental space into four spaces based on the analysis of the two conceptual domains corresponding to vocabulary and psychology. The third space is the common concept of "generic space" extracted; from the first two spaces the fourth space is selected and mapping to
"blend space". By combining the above methods, it can be seen that the moaning of "merit and virtue" is derived from the process of conceptualizing the meaning of the words "Gong De" as "the benefits of Buddhism calling for good deeds." |
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| Table of contents | 一、前言 6
二、「功」與「德」的義位 10
（一）「功」義 10
（二）「德」義 12
三、「功德」複合「功業與德性」的詞組義 14
四、從梵文字源擴充「功德」的義素 18
五、漢語「功德」概念的完善 21
六、結語 24
引用文獻 26
一、原典文獻 26
二、近人論著 26
（一）專書及論文集 26
（二）期刊論文及學位論文 27
（三）工具書及網路資源 28 |
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| ISSN | 16086848 (P) |
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| Hits | 343 |
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| Created date | 2021.08.25 |
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| Modified date | 2022.08.03 |
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