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澄觀懺悔思想之研究與應用=Research and Application on Chengguan’s Repentance Thoughts |
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| 著者 |
林銘光
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| 掲載誌 |
中華佛學研究=Chung-Hwa Buddhist Studies
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| 巻号 | n.19 |
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| 出版年月日 | 2018.12 |
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| ページ | 23 - 67 |
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| 出版者 | 中華佛學研究所=Chung-Hwa Institute of Buddhist Studies |
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| 出版サイト |
http://www.chibs.edu.tw/
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| 出版地 | 新北市, 臺灣 [New Taipei City, Taiwan] |
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| 資料の種類 | 期刊論文=Journal Article |
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| 言語 | 中文=Chinese |
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| ノート | 作者為華梵大學東方人文思想研究所博士生。 |
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| キーワード | 方等懺法=Fangdeng repentance ritual; 智顗=Zhiyi; 澄觀=Chengguan; 罪性本空=Empty nature of crime |
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| 抄録 | 「懺法」是佛教中重要的行門之一，惟中國懺法系統化的源起與發展，可追溯至隋朝天台宗智顗（538-597）制作的四部懺法。其後發展至
駐錫在五台山大華嚴寺的華嚴宗四祖澄觀（738-839）時，受到影響乃強調懺悔修持的重要性，自身也有修持「方等懺法」。惟考究澄觀所行「方等懺法」的體系內涵為何？何以行懺能達到懺罪作用，甚至達到「解脫」的目的？澄觀是如何進行修懺，其具體步驟為何？又其懺悔思想的核心根源，受到哪些佛學大師的影響？這些都應予以釐清且是值得探討的問題，此乃本研究之主要目的。
經筆者深入研究發現：
一、澄觀懺悔思想體系乃廣納諸多宗派教理，並集其大成融貫相通；其思想體系已受到「律宗、天台宗、華嚴宗、禪宗」精義教理及儀軌之影響，並於其著作中彰顯出來。
二、影響澄觀懺悔思想之源流：
（一）天台宗：如何影響澄觀建構一個完整的「懺悔儀軌」，如「十法模式」之儀軌等；其次，在事、理二懺中，要結合禪觀「罪性本空」與「中道實相」之教理。
（二）華嚴宗：強調「五悔懺」教理的論述，及華嚴判教的思想。
三、澄觀懺悔思想的主要內容：
（一）主張要潛修「方等懺法」的教理與實踐。
（二）「罪業觀」：有「三罪說」等五種說法。
（三）「戒律觀」：有「對『戒律』梵文譯名的正名」等三大類論點。
（四）「懺悔原理」：有「《方等》經典或佛菩薩的威神力」等四種原理。
（五）「懺悔方法」：有「作法懺」等六種懺悔方法。
四、澄觀懺悔法門的簡略儀軌，於本文中略述；其懺悔法門可歸納為：
「三懺並重」等四種主要特色。
最後，並期待由本文所尋繹出的澄觀懺悔思想與儀軌，能釐清「法會」的真正意涵，效法祖師行懺的精神，進一步提供作懺法研究或實際體
驗者的參考。
“Repentance” is one of the major practices in Buddhism. The origin and development of systematized repentance rituals in Chinese Buddhism could be traced back to the four repentance rituals composed by Zhiyi 智顗 (538-597) of Tiantai School in Sui Dynasty. Afterwards, Chengguan 澄觀 (738-839),the Fourth Patriarch in Huayan School, when residing at Da huayan si 大華嚴寺 in Wutai Mountain, was moved and then emphasized the importance of repentance practice as well as practicing the Fangdeng repentance ritual.Nonetheless, what is the content of the Fangdeng repentance ritual conducted by Chengguan? Why the practice of repentance could lead to repenting of crimes, or eventually being liberated? How Chengguan carried out the practice of repentance and what was the specific procedure? Moreover, which
grandmasters have contributed to the core essence of his cognition of repentance practice? The aforementioned inquiries all deserve to be clarified and to be pondered on, which constitute the main purpose of this study.
The author discovered the followings after further investigation:
1. The system of Chengguan’s repentance thoughts accommodates and
integrates a wide variety of schools and doctrines. The influences from
doctrines and rituals of schools like Lu (Vinaya), Tiantai, Huayan, and Chan
could be found in his teachings and writings.
2. Sources contributing to Chengguan’s repentance thoughts:
(1) Tiantai: Bringing to Chengguan how to construct a complete repentance ritual, for example, the ritual of “Ten-dharma” module and so forth. In addition, to integrate the teachings of “Empty nature of crimes” and “Middle
way reality” in meditative contemplation of repentance rituals of “Shi 事” and“Li 理”.
澄觀懺悔思想之研究 ．67．
(2) Huayan: The emphasis on the doctrine of “Five repentance” and theclassification ideas.
3. Major content in Chengguan’s repentance thoughts:
(1) Doctrine and practice of Fangdeng repentance ritual, and the emphasis
of its dedicated practice.
(2) Views on karma of crimes: Five statements like Three-nigha teaching
and so on.
(3) Views on precepts: Three major viewpoints like the correction of
translation of terms from Sanskrit related to disciplines.
(4) The essences of repentance: Four essences of repentance practices, e.g.,
powers from Sutra of “Fangdeng” or from Buddhas or Bodhisattvas.
(5) Approaches to repentance: Six approaches to repentance like the
repentance by ritual performance, etc.
4. A simplified version of Chengguan’s repentance ritual is introduced in this article. Four features are named from such repentance practice, including “The equal stress on three types of repentance,” and so on.
Finally, this research is aiming at the clarification of the real meaning of “Dharma assembly 法會” via discussion and ponderment of Chengguan’s repentance thoughts and rituals, and to follow the spirit of the patriarch’s
repentance practice, and, furthermore, to serve as reference to future researchers and practitioners
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| 目次 | 一、前言 26
二、澄觀懺悔思想之形成背景 27
（一）禮佛 29
（二）懺悔與悔過 31
（三）勸請 32
（四）隨喜 32
（五）迴向 33
（六）「十法模式」之懺悔儀軌 33
（七）順逆十心 35
三、澄觀懺悔之思想 38
（一）「方等懺法」的意涵與必要性 38
（二）澄觀的罪業觀與戒律觀 39
（三）澄觀的懺悔原理與方法 39
四、澄觀懺悔法門的簡略儀軌與特色 58
（一）簡略儀軌 58
（二）特色 60
五、結論 62 |
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| ISSN | 1026969X (P) |
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| ヒット数 | 624 |
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| 作成日 | 2019.01.10 |
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