敦煌文獻圖像整合視閾下的泗州僧伽和尚信仰=Images in Dunhuang Manuscripts on the Worshipping of Monk Sengqie of Sizhou

鄭阿財 (著)=Cheng, A-cai (au.)

著者

鄭阿財 (著)=Cheng, A-cai (au.)

掲載誌

夏荊山藝術論衡=Journal of Xia Jing Shan's Art

巻号

n.10

出版年月日

2020.09.01

ページ

9 - 45

出版者

財團法人夏荊山文化藝術基金會

出版サイト

http://www.xjsacf.com/TW/Showroom02/ugC_ShowroomItem.asp

出版地

臺北市, 臺灣 [Taipei shih, Taiwan]

資料の種類

期刊論文=Journal Article

言語

中文=Chinese

ノート

作者為南華大學文學系退休教授暨敦煌學研究中心榮譽主任

キーワード

僧伽和尚=Monk Sengqie; 敦煌寫本=Dunhuang Manuscripts; 石窟壁畫=Grotto murals; 造像=Statues; 觀音化身=Incarnation of Avalokiteśvara

抄録

唐代著名高僧僧伽和尚（628-710），本是西域僧人，先至西涼府（甘肅武威），後遊歷江淮諸地，居止於楚州龍興寺。後於泗州建臨淮寺。屢顯神異，嘗現十一面觀音形，人益信重，世稱觀音化身。中宗景龍二年（708）尊為國師。自此名聲大振。後世有關僧伽大師之神異事蹟，傳說不斷。五代後周世宗令天下凡造精廬，必立伽真相，牓曰「大聖僧伽和尚」。唐宋以來居士佛教興起，儒、釋、道三教合一之風盛行，流風推動之下，泗州大聖僧伽的信仰圈更快速擴展，今各地仍保有泗州大聖僧伽僧和尚塔、寺、堂、像的遺存，可見證泗州僧伽和尚信仰流傳的時空發展與演變。
本文擬從敦煌文獻P.3727《聖者泗州僧伽和尚元念因緣記》結合S.1624《唐泗州僧伽大師實錄（鈔）》及S.2565、S.2754、P.2217等《僧伽和尚欲入涅槃說六度經》等相關寫本文獻，關注唐代僧伽和尚信仰的流傳與演變，從交叉學科的視野出發，結合有關泗州大聖僧伽和尚的圖像、經變，援引前輩時賢相關成果，考論敦煌寫本，統整傳世文獻、敦煌石窟壁畫與四川石窟造像等，考察唐五代泗州僧伽和尚信仰的發展。

Sengqie (628-710) was a renowned master monk of the Tang dynasty. Originally from Central Asia, he later arrived in the Western Liang prefecture (Wuwei, Gansu Province) and then traveled through various places in the south of the Yangtze River and near the Huai River. He then resided in Longxing Temple located in the Chuy Province. Monk Sengqie later founded Liuhuai Temple in Sizhou. He gained a venerated reputation for his repeated supernatural manifestations, including the appearance of the Eleven-faced Avalokiteśvara, and he became referred to by people as the incarnation of Avalokiteśvara. He became a state preceptor in the 2nd year of Jinlong(708) reign of Tang Emperor Zhongzong, which further catapulted his reputation. Many miracles and legends about Monk Sengqie were passed down to the later generations. During the period of the Five Dynasties, Emperor Chou Shih-Tsung ordered that a portrait of Sengqie must be displayed in all of the Buddhist hermitages built, with the monk honored as ―The Great Sage Monk Sengqie‖. Lay Buddhism began to gain traction in the Tang and Song dynasties, and unification of the three teachings – Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism-began to rise in popularity. Propelled by this trend, the community of worshippers of the Great Sage Monk Sengqie of Sizhou expanded rapidly, and ruins of pagodas, temples, halls, and portraits of Monk Sengqie have been preserved till this day in various places, with the historical development and evolution with the worshipping of Monk Sengqie thereby observed.
The objective of this paper is to focus on the distribution and evolution observed with the worshipping of Monk Sengqie by referencing excerpts from the Dunhuang Manuscripts, including P.3727 (Karma Stories of The Great Sage Monk Sengqie of Sizhou); S.1624 (Veritable Records of The Great Sage Tang Monk Sengqie of Sizhou); and S.2565, S.2754, P.2217 (Monk Sengqie On the Six Paramitas and Attaining Nirvana). The development on the worshipping of The Great Sage Monk Sengqie of Sizhou in the period of the Five Dynasties is studied through academic cross-examination, with images and paintings based on Buddhist scriptures of Monk Sengqie studied. Moreover, research by other senior scholars, and also Dunhuang Manuscripts, historical literatures, Dunhuang Grotto murals, and rock-cave statues in Sichuan are also integrated in the study.

壹、前言 11
貳、泗州僧伽和尚信仰與研究發展 11
一、泗州僧伽和尚及其信仰 11
二、泗州僧伽和尚研究的發展 13
參、敦煌寫本《聖者泗州僧伽和尚元念因緣記》及相關文獻 14
一、敦煌寫本《聖者泗州僧伽和尚元念因緣記》 15
二、敦煌寫本《唐泗州僧伽大師實錄（（鈔））》 18
三、敦煌寫本《僧伽和尚欲入涅槃說六度經》 23
肆、傳世文獻文本呈現的僧伽和尚事蹟 26
伍、唐五代泗州僧伽和尚的圖像 28
一、敦煌莫高窟僧伽和尚造像 28
二、四川地區僧伽和尚造像與經變 30
陸、唐五代泗州僧伽和尚信仰的發展 33
一、唐五代泗州僧伽和尚信仰圈的形成 33
（一）僧伽寺四處 34
（二）僧伽堂二處 35
（三）泗州院、塔院六處 35
（四）僧伽像五處 35
二、觀音化身與僧伽信仰的發展 37
三、僧伽、寶誌、萬迴三僧合龕崇拜的發展 40
引用書目 43

ISSN

24126233 (P)

ヒット数

575

作成日

2020.09.30

更新日期

2020.09.30

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