Gāthā Sentence Translation Sentence Structure
Vocabulary&Grammar Commentary Pronunciation
                          List of Abbreviations

abhaye bhayadassino bhaye cābhayadassino

micchādiṭṭhisamādānā sattā gacchanti duggatiṃ

(DhP 317)




Sentence Translation:

Being afraid of what is not frightful and not fearing the frightful thing,
believing in wrong theories, the beings go to a miserable existence.




Sentence Structure:
List of Abbreviations

abhaye bhaya+dassino  bhaye    ca abhaya+dassino
|               |          |            |         |        |           |
N.n.      N.n.  Adj.m.     N.n.   conj.  N.n.   Adj.m.
Loc.Sg.    |    Nom.Pl. Loc.Sg.     |       |      Nom.Pl.
|               |______|            |         |       |_______|
|____________|                 |_____|________|
          |                                       |____|
          |________________________|
                                |_______________________________________________

List of Abbreviations

micchā+diṭṭhi+samādānā  sattā    gacchanti duggatiṃ
|               |             |            |              |             |
Adv.      N.f.      Adj.m.    N.m.    V.act.in.     N.f.
|________|        Nom.Pl. Nom.Pl. 3.Pl.pres. Acc.Sg.
      |_____________|            |              |_______|
                 |______________|                     |
_________________|                                 |
               |___________________________|




Vocabulary and Grammar:
List of Abbreviations

abhaye: abhaya-, N.n.: absence of fear, absence of fright. It is the word bhaya-, N.n.: fear, with the negative prefix a-. Loc.Sg. = abhaye.

bhayadassino: bhayadassin-, Adj.: seeing fear. It is a compound of:
    bhaya-, N.n.: fear, fright.
    dassin-, Adj.: seeing, perceiving. It is derived from the verb root das- (to see) by adding the denominative suffix -in.
Nom.Pl.m. = bhayadassino.

bhaye: bhaya-, N.n.: fear, fright. Loc.Sg. = bhaye.

List of Abbreviations

ca, conj.: and.

abhayadassino: abhayadassin-, Adj.: not seeing fear. It is a compound of:
    abhaya-, N.n.: see above.
    dassin-, see above.
Nom.Pl.m. = abhayadassino.
Euphonic combination: ca + abhayadassino = cābhayadassino.

List of Abbreviations

micchādiṭṭhisamādānā: micchādiṭṭhisamādāna-, Adj.: believing in a wrong theory. It is a compound of:
    micchā, Adv.: wrongly, badly.
    diṭṭhi-, N.f.: view, belief, theory, idea. It is derived from the verb root dis- (to see).
    samādāna-, N.m.: undertaking, taking upon oneself. The verb root is dā- (to give) with the prefixes sam- (completely) and ā- (towards).
Nom.Pl.m. = micchādiṭṭhisamādānā.

sattā: satta-, N.m.: being. Nom.Pl. = sattā.

gacchanti, V.: goes. The verb root is gam-. 3.Pl.in.act.pres. = gacchanti.

duggatiṃ: duggati-, N.f.: a miserable existence, a realm of misery, undesirable rebirth. Composed of:
    du-, pref.: bad, difficult.
    gati-, N.f.: existence, rebirth. Derived from the verb gam- (to go).
Acc.Sg. = duggatiṃ.

List of Abbreviations

    The subject of this sentence is the noun sattā (beings, nominative plural). It has three attributes:
    1) The compound bhayadassino (seeing fear, nominative plural). This word has the noun abhaye (in what is not fear, locative singular) as an attribute.
    2) The compound abhayadassino (not seeing fear, nominative plural). This word has the noun bhaye (in what is fear, locative singular) as an attribute. This attribute is connected to the previous one by the conjunction ca (and).
    3) The compound micchādiṭṭhisamādānā (believing in wrong theories, nominative plural).
    The verb is gacchanti (go, 3rd person, plural, active, indicative, present tense). The object is the noun duggatiṃ (to a miserable existence, accusative singular).




Commentary:

    The story for this verse is identical with the one for the preceding verse (DhP 316).
    We should be ashamed and afraid of things that are truly bad. Causing suffering to others in any way is bad and we should be always ashamed and afraid of doing so.
    On the other hand, being afraid and ashamed of something that is not bad at all (as for example the naked ascetics from the story) will not help us in any way on the road to the Awakenment. Thus we will only accumulate demerit and suffer a bad rebirth in the next life.




Sentence pronunciation:

Sentence pronunciation

Word pronunciation:

abhaye
bhayadassino
bhaya
dassino
bhaye
ca
abhayadassino
abhaya
micchādiṭṭhisamādānā
micchā
diṭṭhi
samādānā
sattā
gacchanti
duggatiṃ