Gāthā Sentence Translation Sentence Structure
Vocabulary&Grammar Commentary Pronunciation
                          List of Abbreviations

tasiṇāya purakkhatā pajā parisappanti saso va bandhito

tasmā tasiṇaṃ vinodaye ākaṅkhantaṃ virāgam attano

(DhP 343)




Sentence Translation:

People followed by thirst crawl around like a captured hare.
Therefore you should remove thirst and wish for being free of passions yourselves.




Sentence Structure:
List of Abbreviations

tasiṇāya purakkhatā  pajā parisappanti  saso       va  bandhito
|                    |            |             |             |           |         |
N.f.          Adj.f.      N.f.     V.act.in.    N.m.    part.  Adj.m.
Ins.Sg.    Nom.Pl. Nom.Pl. 3.Pl.pres. Nom.Sg.    |    Nom.Sg.
|___________|            |             |             |______|_____|
         |_____________|             |                    |__|
                     |______________|                      |
                                   |___________________|

List of Abbreviations

tasmā   tasiṇaṃ vinodaye ākaṅkhantaṃ virāgam  attano
|                |             |                 |               |            |
Pron.      N.f.   V.caus.act.    V.med.       N.m.   Pron.m.
Abl.Sg. Acc.Sg.  3.Sg.opt.     3.Pl.imp.   Acc.Sg. Gen.Sg.
|                |_______|                 |                |_______|
|_____________|                       |_____________|
           |___________________________|




Vocabulary and Grammar:
List of Abbreviations

tasiṇāya: tasiṇā-, N.f.: thirst, craving. It is a different form of the word taṇhā-, N.f. Ins.Sg. = tasiṇāya.

purakkhatā: purakkhata-, Adj.: honored, preferred. Here in the meaning of followed, encircled. Nom.Pl.f. = purakkhatā.

pajā: pajā-, N.f.: beings, people, mankind. Nom.Pl. = pajā.

parisappanti, V.: crawl, run about. The verb root is sap- (to crawl) with the prefix pari- (around). 3.Pl.act.in.pres. = parisappanti.

saso: sasa-, N.m.: hare, rabbit. Nom.Sg. = saso.

va, part.: as, like.

bandhito: bandhita-, Adj.: bound, caught. It is a p.p. of the verb root bandh- (to bind).
Nom.Sg.m. = bandhito.

List of Abbreviations

tasmā: tad-, Pron.: that. Abl.Sg. = tasmā (therefore, lit. "from that").

tasiṇaṃ: tasiṇā-, N.f.: see above. Acc.Sg. = tasiṇaṃ.

vinodaye, V.: [one] should remove, dispel, put away. It is a caus. of the verb root nud- (to expel) with the prefix vi- (away). 3.Sg.act.caus.opt. = vinodaye.

ākaṅkhantaṃ, V.: [people] should desire, wish for. The verb root is kaṅkh- (to look forward to, to desire) with the prefix ā- (towards). 3.Pl.med.imp. = ākaṅkhantaṃ.

virāgam: virāga-, N.m.: absence of desire, absence of passion. It is the word rāga-, N.m.: desire, passion, with the prefix vi- (away from, without). Acc.Sg. = virāgam.

attano: attan-, N.m./Pron.: self, oneself. Gen.Sg. = attano.

List of Abbreviations

    This verse consists of two syntactically separate sentences. They are:
    1) tasiṇāya purakkhatā pajā parisappanti saso va bandhito (people followed by thirst crawl around like a captured hare). This can be further analysed into the main sentence a) and the dependent clause b):
    a) tasiṇāya purakkhatā pajā parisappanti (people followed by thirst crawl around). The subject is the noun pajā (people, nominative plural). It has an attribute, the adjective purakkhatā (followed, nominative plural) with its own attribute, the noun tasiṇāya (by thirst, instrumental singular). The verb is parisappanti (crawl around, 3rd person, plural, active, indicative, present tense).
    b) saso va bandhito (like a captured hare). The subject is the noun saso (hare, nominative singular). It has an attribute, the past participle bandhito (captured, nominative singular). The particle va (as, like) connects the clause to the main sentence.
    2) tasmā tasiṇaṃ vinodaye ākaṅkhantaṃ virāgam attano (therefore you should remove thirst and wish for being free of passions yourselves). This can be further analysed into two segments:
    a) tasmā tasiṇaṃ vinodaye (therefore you should remove thirst). The subject is omitted; the verb implies the third person singular pronoun. The verb is vinodaye (one should remove, 3rd person, singular, active, causative, optative). The object is the noun tasiṇaṃ (thirst, accusative singular). The pronoun tasmā (therefore, ablative singular) introduces the sentence.
    b) ākaṅkhantaṃ virāgam attano (and wish for being free of passions yourselves). The subject is omitted; the verb implies the third person plural pronoun. The verb is ākaṅkhantaṃ ([they] should wish for, 3rd person, plural, medium, imperative). The object is the noun virāgam (absence of desire, accusative singular). It has an attribute, the noun/pronoun attano (one's own, genitive singular).




Commentary:

    The story for this verse is identical with the one for the five previous verses (DhP 338, DhP 339, DhP 340, DhP 341 and DhP 342).
    Because of craving people "crawl around" from existence into existence. Just like a captured hare tries very hard to escape but the fetter is stronger, so it manages only to cut itself. People also try to be free but do it the wrong way, only falling more and more deeply into the snare of passions and repeated existence. The solution is to remove all the passion and thirst and escape the snare of Samsara forever.




Sentence pronunciation:

Sentence pronunciation

Word pronunciation:

tasiṇāya
purakkhatā
pajā
parisappanti
saso
va
bandhito
tasmā
tasiṇaṃ
vinodaye
ākaṅkhantaṃ
virāgam
attano